Anomalous Origins of Coronary Arteries From the Pulmonary Artery: A Comprehensive Review of Literature and Surgical Options

Anomalous origins of coronary arteries from the pulmonary artery are rare malformations in which the coronary arteries originate from pulmonary artery sinuses or branches. The consequences are variable although, in most cases, these anomalies lead to severe coronary hypoperfusion and ventricular dysfunction. Surgical correction is indicated once the diagnosis is established due to high early mortality associated with the disease. In nearly all cases, the anomalous artery can be excised from its pulmonary origin, mobilized, and reimplanted directly into the ascending aorta using different surgical techniques. In rare circumstances, technical modifications must be used to restore a normal dual coronary perfusion. The emphasis of this article is to provide a collective review of surgical options published in the literature.