The inaugural issue of this journal, published in November 2005, included articles on thyroid cancer, type 2 diabetes mellitus, the metabolic syndrome, pituitary adenomas and obesity. 10 years later, we are still publishing articles on these topics (and many others). Although a great deal of progress has been made in our understanding of the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the endocrine system over the past 10 years, many challenges still remain. For this Viewpoint, we have asked five of our Advisory Board Members to comment on the progress and challenges from the past 10 years. They were also asked to offer their thoughts on where money should be spent going forward, and their predictions for what advances might be achieved in the next 10 years.