Allocentric but not egocentric visual memory difficulties in adults with ADHD may represent cognitive inefficiency

Psychiatry Res. 2015 Aug 30;228(3):649-58. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.04.051. Epub 2015 Jun 11.

Abstract

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has often been conceptualized as arising executive dysfunctions (e.g., inattention, defective inhibition). However, recent studies suggested that cognitive inefficiency may underlie many ADHD symptoms, according to reaction time and processing speed abnormalities. This study explored whether a non-timed measure of cognitive inefficiency would also be abnormal. A sample of 23 ADHD subjects was compared to 23 controls on a test that included both egocentric and allocentric visual memory subtests. A factor analysis was used to determine which cognitive variables contributed to allocentric visual memory. The ADHD sample performed significantly lower on the allocentric but not egocentric conditions. Allocentric visual memory was not associated with timed, working memory, visual perception, or mental rotation variables. This paper concluded by discussing how these results supported a cognitive inefficiency explanation for some ADHD symptoms, and discussed future research directions.

Keywords: Allocentric; Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder; Cognitive efficiency; Neuropsychological assessment; Visual memory.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / diagnosis*
  • Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / epidemiology
  • Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / psychology
  • Cognition Disorders / diagnosis*
  • Cognition Disorders / epidemiology
  • Cognition Disorders / psychology
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Memory Disorders / diagnosis*
  • Memory Disorders / epidemiology
  • Memory Disorders / psychology
  • Memory, Short-Term* / physiology
  • Middle Aged
  • Neuropsychological Tests
  • Photic Stimulation / methods
  • Reaction Time / physiology
  • Visual Perception* / physiology
  • Young Adult