Abstract
A long unanswered question in the antigen presentation field is how exogenous antigens cross-presented by Major Histocompatibility Complex class I (MHC-I) molecules to CD8(+) T cells are translocated into the cytosol. Here we discuss the known mechanisms involved in this process with a focus on the hypothesized role of the machinery that functions in endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD). Other potential mechanisms of antigen entry to the cytosol are also discussed.
Keywords:
Antigen processing; Cross-presentation; Dendritic cells; ERAD; MHC.
Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Publication types
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Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
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Review
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Antigen Presentation*
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Antigens / genetics
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Antigens / immunology*
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CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / cytology
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CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / immunology
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Cross-Priming
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Cytosol / immunology
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Cytosol / metabolism
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Dendritic Cells / cytology
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Dendritic Cells / immunology*
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Dendritic Cells / metabolism
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Endoplasmic Reticulum / genetics
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Endoplasmic Reticulum / immunology
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Endoplasmic Reticulum / metabolism
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Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Degradation / genetics
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Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Degradation / immunology*
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Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / genetics
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Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / immunology*
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Humans
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Nuclear Proteins / genetics
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Nuclear Proteins / immunology
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Protein Transport
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Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / genetics
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Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / immunology
Substances
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Antigens
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Histocompatibility Antigens Class I
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Nuclear Proteins
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nuclear protein import factor p97
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Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases