Immune mechanisms at the maternal-fetal interface: perspectives and challenges

Affiliations

• ¹ Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
• ² Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA.
• ³ Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
• ⁴ Division of Reproductive Sciences, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
• ⁵ Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
• ⁶ Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA.
• ⁷ Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
• ⁸ Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
• ⁹ Department of Pathology &Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
• ¹⁰ Division of Experimental Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital and University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
• ¹¹ Division of Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
• ¹² Division of Reproductive and Perinatal Research, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.
• ¹³ Institute for Reproductive Health and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA.
• ¹⁴ Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA.
• ¹⁵ Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
• ¹⁶ Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
• ¹⁷ Fertility and Infertility Branch, Division of Extramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.