Introduction: Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) is a serious complication of IV rt-PA therapy after acute ischemic stroke. Independent sICH predictors have been previously derived using case-control studies. Here we utilized a novel cohort-based comparison to identify additional independent predictors of sICH.
Methods: We included 210 patients receiving IV rt-PA therapy from January 2009 through December 2013 at the Yale-New Haven Stroke Center. Clinical parameters were compared using Mann-Whitney tests, two-sample tests of proportions and two-sample t tests. Logistic regression was performed using sICH as the dependent variable. Predictive ability was assessed using areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.
Results: sICH rates were lowest from 2010 to 2012 and comprised the low sICH cohort (2.0 % sICH), compared to the high sICH cohort from 2009 to 2013 (9.2 % sICH, P = 0.025). Patients in the low sICH cohort had significantly more visual field deficits (38.6 vs. 24.8 %, P = 0.03) and decreased levels of consciousness (62.4 vs. 39.4 %, P < 0.001), but fewer hyperdense MCA signs (5 vs. 13.8 %, P = 0.03) and early CT hypodensities (14.9 vs. 29.4 %, P = 0.01). These four parameters together predicted sICH modestly (area under ROC curve 0.66, odds ratio 2.72, P = 0.03) CONCLUSIONS: Using a novel cohort-based approach, we identified two new independent predictors of sICH after IV rt-PA therapy: the presence of the hyperdense MCA sign and early CT hypodensities. Novel methods are needed to reduce the risk of sICH for patients receiving antithrombolytic therapy for ischemic stroke.
Keywords: IV Thrombolysis; Intracerebral hemorrhage; Neurocritical care.