Dominant De Novo Mutations in GJA1 Cause Erythrokeratodermia Variabilis et Progressiva, without Features of Oculodentodigital Dysplasia

J Invest Dermatol. 2015 Jun;135(6):1540-1547. doi: 10.1038/jid.2014.485. Epub 2014 Nov 14.

Abstract

Genetic investigation of inherited skin disorders has informed the understanding of skin self-renewal, differentiation, and barrier function. Erythrokeratodermia variabilis et progressiva (EKVP) is a rare, inherited skin disease that is characterized by transient figurate patches of erythema, localized or generalized scaling, and frequent palmoplantar keratoderma. By using exome sequencing, we show that de novo missense mutations in GJA1 (gap junction protein alpha 1) cause EKVP. The severe, progressive skin disease in EKVP subjects with GJA1 mutations is distinct from limited cutaneous findings rarely found in the systemic disorder oculodentodigital dysplasia, also caused by dominant GJA1 mutations. GJA1 encodes connexin 43 (Cx43), the most widely expressed gap junction protein. We show that the GJA1 mutations in EKVP subjects lead to disruption of Cx43 membrane localization and aggregation within the Golgi. These findings reveal a critical role for Cx43 in epidermal homeostasis, and they provide evidence of organ-specific pathobiology resulting from different mutations within GJA1.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Amino Acid Sequence
  • Cell Membrane / metabolism
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Connexin 43 / genetics*
  • Connexins / genetics
  • Craniofacial Abnormalities / genetics*
  • Disease Progression
  • Erythrokeratodermia Variabilis / genetics*
  • Exome
  • Eye Abnormalities / genetics*
  • Female
  • Foot Deformities, Congenital / genetics*
  • Golgi Apparatus / metabolism
  • HeLa Cells
  • Humans
  • Immunohistochemistry
  • Male
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
  • Mutation*
  • Phenotype
  • Sequence Analysis, DNA
  • Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
  • Skin Diseases / genetics*
  • Syndactyly / genetics*
  • Tooth Abnormalities / genetics*

Substances

  • Connexin 43
  • Connexins
  • GJA1 protein, human

Supplementary concepts

  • Oculodentodigital Dysplasia