Oncologic issues and kidney transplantation: a review of frequency, mortality, and screening

Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2014 Jan;21(1):106-13. doi: 10.1053/j.ackd.2013.07.003.

Abstract

Kidney transplant recipients are at increased risk for development of malignancy compared with the general population, and malignancies occur at an earlier age. This increased risk, as expressed by the standard incidence ratio (SIR), varies widely, but it is highest in malignancies triggered by oncogenic viruses. For other cancers, this increased risk is the direct consequence of immunosuppressants promoting tumor growth and lowering immune system tumor surveillance. In this review, we briefly discuss the common malignancies with increased risk after kidney transplantation, explore the pros and cons associated with screening, and summarize current prevention and treatment recommendations.

Keywords: Cancer screening; Immunosuppression; Kidney transplant; Malignancy.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Anus Neoplasms / diagnosis
  • Anus Neoplasms / epidemiology
  • Anus Neoplasms / immunology
  • Breast Neoplasms / diagnosis
  • Breast Neoplasms / epidemiology
  • Breast Neoplasms / immunology
  • Carcinoma, Renal Cell / diagnosis
  • Carcinoma, Renal Cell / epidemiology
  • Carcinoma, Renal Cell / immunology
  • Colorectal Neoplasms / diagnosis
  • Colorectal Neoplasms / epidemiology
  • Colorectal Neoplasms / immunology
  • Early Detection of Cancer
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Immunocompromised Host*
  • Immunosuppressive Agents / adverse effects*
  • Kidney Failure, Chronic / surgery*
  • Kidney Neoplasms / diagnosis
  • Kidney Neoplasms / epidemiology
  • Kidney Neoplasms / immunology
  • Kidney Transplantation / statistics & numerical data*
  • Lymphoproliferative Disorders / diagnosis
  • Lymphoproliferative Disorders / epidemiology
  • Lymphoproliferative Disorders / immunology
  • Neoplasms / diagnosis
  • Neoplasms / epidemiology*
  • Neoplasms / immunology
  • Skin Neoplasms / diagnosis
  • Skin Neoplasms / epidemiology
  • Skin Neoplasms / immunology
  • Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / diagnosis
  • Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / epidemiology
  • Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / immunology

Substances

  • Immunosuppressive Agents