Recombinant human PDGF BB homodimer (rhPDGF-BB) is a potent recruiter of, and strong mitogenic factor for, cells crucial to musculoskeletal tissue repair, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), osteogenic cells and tenocytes. rhPDGF-BB also upregulates angiogenesis. These properties allow rhPDGF-BB to trigger the cascade of bone and adjoining soft tissue repair and regeneration. This mechanism of action has been established in numerous preclinical and clinical studies. Demonstration of the safety and efficacy of rhPDGF-BB in the healing of chronic foot ulcers in diabetic patients and regeneration of alveolar (jaw) bone lost due to chronic infection from periodontal disease has resulted in two FDA-approved products based on this molecule. A third product is in late stages of clinical development, with pilot and pivotal clinical studies of rhPDGF-BB mixed with an osteoconductive bone matrix (Augment(®) Bone Graft) in foot and ankle fusions demonstrating that this product is at least as effective as bone autograft, and has an improved safety profile. Additional combinations of rhPDGF-BB with tissue-specific matrices are also being studied clinically in additional musculoskeletal indications.