Single-molecule observation of helix staggering, sliding, and coiled coil misfolding

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Apr 10;109(15):5711-6. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1116784109. Epub 2012 Mar 26.

Abstract

The biological functions of coiled coils generally depend on efficient folding and perfect pairing of their α-helices. Dynamic changes in the helical registry that lead to staggered helices have only been proposed for a few special systems and not found in generic coiled coils. Here, we report our observations of multiple staggered helical structures of two canonical coiled coils. The partially folded structures are formed predominantly by coiled coil misfolding and occasionally by helix sliding. Using high-resolution optical tweezers, we characterized their energies and transition kinetics at a single-molecule level. The staggered states occur less than 2% of the time and about 0.1% of the time at zero force. We conclude that dynamic changes in helical registry may be a general property of coiled coils. Our findings should have broad and unique implications in functions and dysfunctions of proteins containing coiled coils.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Amino Acid Sequence
  • DNA / metabolism
  • Kinetics
  • Leucine Zippers
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Protein Folding*
  • Protein Multimerization
  • Protein Structure, Secondary
  • Proteins / chemistry*
  • Proteins / metabolism*
  • Thermodynamics

Substances

  • Proteins
  • DNA