Can moral reasoning predict general surgery residents' clinical competence?

Background: When selecting residents for residency programs, there has been little success using standard academic criteria to predict their clinical performance. However, numerous studies in the past have found linkages between the nonstandard variable moral reasoning as measured by the instrument Defining Issues Test (Version 2; DIT-2) and clinical decision making with higher levels of moral reasoning linked to better clinical performance. This study sought to determine whether this important linkage exists in surgery residents.

Methods: The DIT-2 was administered to 20 surgical residents to assess level of moral reasoning, and data were collected on all end-of-rotation evaluations of residents by faculty to measure resident clinical competence. Candidate rank list data were examined from the past 5 years to determine linkages between moral development as measured by the DIT-2 and clinical competence. Correlation analyses, univariate regression, and stepwise multivariate regression were carried out to assess the relationships of moral reasoning as measured by the DIT-2 with other study variables.

Results: Analysis of data indicates a low correlation between DIT-2 scores and clinical competence. Rank list order showed a slight correlation with resident DIT-2 scores. Rank position was weakly correlated with individual competencies and aggregated scores for all competencies as measured by faculty evaluations. Rank position coupled with DIT-2 scores were predictive of 4 of the 6 ACGME competencies and predictive of clinical competence as measured by aggregated scores for all competencies.

Conclusions: No linkages emerged between DIT-2 scores and clinical competence. This reasons for this may include the size of the population studied and the assumption that end-of-rotation evaluations measure resident clinical competence. There were significant relationships demonstrated when DIT-2 scores were linked with resident ranking. Future research should be continued in this area but with more rigorous instrumentation to measure clinical performance and a larger sample size.