As our scientific knowledge of bacteria grows, so does our ability to manipulate these bacteria to protect rather than infect mammalian hosts from a diverse group of diseases. The old axiom that the best way to protect from a disease is to get infected in the first place is not feasible in the face of the diverse group of pathogens that infect humans. Therefore, reprogramming bacteria to protect against diverse bacterial, viral, and parasitic diseases as well as cancer is a new reality in the field of vaccines.
Keywords: Salmonella vaccines; antigen expression; attenuated bacteria; bacterial vaccine vectors; orally administered vaccines; type III secretion system/vaccines; vaccine vectors; vaccines/adaptive immunity; vaccines/innate immunity.