Geriatric conditions and subsequent mortality in older patients with heart failure

Objectives: This study was designed to develop models for short- (30-day) and long- (5-year) term mortality after heart failure (HF) hospitalization that include geriatric conditions, specifically mobility disability and dementia, to determine whether these conditions emerge as strong and independent risk factors.

Background: Although 80% of patients with HF are 65 years of age or older, no large studies have focused on the prognostic importance of geriatric conditions.

Methods: We analyzed medical record data from a national sample of Medicare beneficiaries hospitalized for HF. To identify independent predictors of mortality, we performed stepwise selection in multivariable logistic regression models. We used net reclassification improvement to assess the incremental benefit of adding geriatric conditions to a model containing traditional risk factors for mortality.

Results: The mean age of patients included in the analysis was 80 years; 59% were women, 13% were nonwhite, 10% had dementia, and 39% had mobility disability. Mortality rates were 9.8% at 30 days and 74.7% at 5 years. Twenty-one variables were considered for inclusion in the final multivariable model. Dementia and mobility disability were among the top predictors of short- and long-term mortality, with among the top 6 largest absolute standardized estimates in the final model for 30-day mortality, and among the top 7 largest standardized estimates for 5-year mortality. The net reclassification improvement when geriatric conditions were added to traditional factors was 5.1% at 30 days and 4.2% at 5 years.

Conclusions: Geriatric conditions are strongly and independently associated with short- and long-term mortality among older patients with HF.