Engineered interleukin-2 antagonists for the inhibition of regulatory T cells

J Immunother. 2009 Nov-Dec;32(9):887-94. doi: 10.1097/CJI.0b013e3181b528da.

Abstract

The immunosuppressive effects of CD4+ CD25 high regulatory T cells (Tregs) interfere with antitumor immune responses in cancer patients. Here, we present a novel class of engineered human interleukin (IL)-2 analogs that antagonizes the IL-2 receptor, for inhibiting regulatory T cell suppression. These antagonists have been engineered for high affinity to the alpha subunit of the IL-2 receptor and very low affinity to either the beta or gamma subunit, resulting in a signaling-deficient IL-2 analog that sequesters the IL-2 receptor alpha subunit from wild type IL-2. Two variants, "V91R" and "Q126T" with residue substitutions that disrupt the beta and gamma subunit binding interfaces, respectively, have been characterized in both a T cell line and in human primary Tregs. These mutants retain their high affinity binding to IL-2 receptor alpha subunit, but do not activate STAT5 phosphorylation or stimulate T cell growth. The 2 mutants competitively antagonize wild-type IL-2 signaling through the IL-2 receptor with similar efficacy, with inhibition constants of 183 pM for V91R and 216 pM for Q126T. Here, we present a novel approach to CD25-mediated Treg inhibition, with the use of an engineered human IL-2 analog that antagonizes the IL-2 receptor.

MeSH terms

  • Cell Line
  • Cells, Cultured
  • Humans
  • Interleukin-2 / analogs & derivatives*
  • Interleukin-2 / genetics
  • Interleukin-2 / pharmacology
  • Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • Janus Kinases / immunology
  • Janus Kinases / metabolism
  • Mutant Proteins / genetics
  • Mutant Proteins / pharmacology
  • Phosphorylation / drug effects
  • Phosphorylation / immunology
  • Protein Engineering
  • STAT5 Transcription Factor / immunology
  • STAT5 Transcription Factor / metabolism
  • Signal Transduction / drug effects
  • Signal Transduction / immunology
  • T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / drug effects*
  • T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / immunology

Substances

  • Interleukin-2
  • Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit
  • Mutant Proteins
  • STAT5 Transcription Factor
  • Janus Kinases