In order to assess knowledge of and attitudes toward recovery-oriented practices among providers of mental health and substance abuse treatment and rehabilitation services throughout the state of Connecticut, an instrument named the Recovery Knowledge Inventory (RKI) was developed and administered. The items that comprise the instrument are based on the emerging literature on recovery in psychiatric and substance use disorders, and assess four different domains of understanding, namely: 1) roles and responsibilities in recovery, 2) non-linearity of the recovery process, 3) the roles of self-definition and peers in recovery, and 4) expectations regarding recovery. This paper describes the instrument and its preliminary psychometric properties, and provides an example of its utility in assessing the training needs of staff who increasingly are being expected to deliver recovery-oriented care.