The B7-CD28/CTLA-4 costimulatory pathways in autoimmune disease of the central nervous system

Curr Opin Immunol. 1999 Dec;11(6):677-83. doi: 10.1016/s0952-7915(99)00036-9.

Abstract

The past year has seen significant advances in our understanding of the role of the B7-CD28/CTLA-4 pathway in regulating the responses of self-reactive T cells, giving impetus to manipulation of this pathway for treating human autoimmune diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated that B7-CD28 costimulation has critical roles in stimulating both the initiation and effector phases of autoimmunity and that CD28 regulates the threshold for activation of self-reactive T cells. Recent work has also revealed critical roles for CTLA-4 in limiting the extent of Th1/Th2 cell differentiation and in downregulating the responses of self-reactive T cells during both the initiation and progression of autoimmune disease.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Abatacept
  • Animals
  • Antigens, CD
  • Antigens, Differentiation / immunology
  • Antigens, Differentiation / metabolism*
  • Autoimmune Diseases / immunology*
  • B7-1 Antigen / immunology
  • B7-1 Antigen / metabolism*
  • CD28 Antigens / immunology
  • CD28 Antigens / metabolism*
  • CTLA-4 Antigen
  • Central Nervous System Diseases / immunology*
  • Humans
  • Immunoconjugates*

Substances

  • Antigens, CD
  • Antigens, Differentiation
  • B7-1 Antigen
  • CD28 Antigens
  • CTLA-4 Antigen
  • CTLA4 protein, human
  • Immunoconjugates
  • Abatacept