In golden hamsters, although bilateral ablation of paternal coagulating glands (CGX) and seminal vesicles (SVX) did not affect fertility, a higher number of male pups were born. The present study aimed at determining whether this male-biased sex ratio was due to an imbalance of fertilization by X and Y chromosome-bearing sperms or whether it was the consequence of a sex-related differential survival of embryos. The sex of embryos sired by sham-operated (SH) controls or males subjected to bilateral ablation of ampullary glands (AGX), CGX and SVX was determined from chromosomal spreads at 10 h post coitum and 10 days post coitum. The primary sex ratio of of the SH group did not deviate from the hypothetical sex ratio of 1:1. The sex ratios of zygotes from the three experimental groups did not differ from that of the controls. However, by mid gestation, the sex ratio was significantly higher in the SVX group (P < 0.05) and the CGX group (P < 0.005). The absence of secretions from the ampullary gland, coagulating gland and seminal vesicle had no effect on the primary sex ratio, thus these glands did not appear to affect fertilization by the X and Y chromosome-bearing sperm. The increased secondary sex ratios observed in the SVX and CGX groups were due to the preferential survival of males.