Among 1058 patients with cancer of the esophagus, 20 patients with mucoepidermoid or adenosquamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus and cardia, together defined as squamous cell carcinoma with a mucin-secreting component, were seen over a 10-year period. Their records were reviewed and appropriate comparisons were also made with the more common squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas. Squamous cell carcinoma with mucin-secreting component comprised 1.9% of all tumors encountered. Clinical features including age, male predominance, symptoms at presentation, length of tumor, and appearance of tumor did not differ from those of squamous cell and adenocarcinoma. The location of these tumors, however, followed that of squamous cell carcinomas, with 55% in the middle third and 25% in the lower third. Adenocarcinomas were found predominantly at the cardia (83%). Operability and resectability rates were higher than those of squamous cell and adenocarcinomas. Primary treatment consisted of resection in 19 of the 20 patients (95%); 18 of them had a one-stage resection and 1 patient had a two-stage resection. Postresection staging showed that 5% had stage I disease, 16% had stage II, and 79% had stage III disease. None of the patients who underwent resection died within 30 days of the operation. The mortality after 30 days was 10.5%. The 1 patient in whom intubation was the primary treatment had distant metastases at the time of presentation (stage IV). The overall median survival was 9.2 months. The median survival for patients who had their tumors resected was 9.5 months. The survival improved to 33 months for curative resection but was only 8.7 months for palliative resection. The 1-, 2-, and 5-year survivals were 46%, 39%, and 0%, respectively. This prognosis was not significantly different from that of patients with squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma.