Optic fibre regeneration was studied by [3H]proline autoradiography and by mapping electrophysiologically the direct visuotectal projections to the contralateral and ipsilateral tecta 12-16 weeks after sectioning the right optic nerve in Xenopus two to four weeks after metamorphosis. The experiments were carried out in three groups: (A) optic nerve section in newly metamorphosed animals with embryonic left-eye enucleation; (B) optic nerve section with simultaneous left-eye enucleation; and (C) optic nerve section with delayed left-eye enucleation 5-31 days prior to sacrifice. In all but three animals regenerated optic fibres were demonstrated morphologically both in the contralateral and ipsilateral tecta. The contralateral visuotectal projection was fully restored within the 12-16 weeks in all animals. In animals with embryonic enucleation or in those where the enucleation was carried out simultaneously with optic nerve section, a direct ipsilateral visuotectal projection was established at the same time as the restoration of the contralateral projection. In contrast, no direct ipsilateral visuotectal projection was detectable in the presence of optic fibres from the other eye in the doubly innervated tecta. However, 14-31 days after the removal of the incumbent optic fibres by left-eye enucleation a direct visuotectal projection from the right eye to the ipsilateral tectum was established, and its polarity corresponded to the normal contralateral retinotectal projection. The apparent disparity between morphological and electrophysiological findings in the doubly innervated tectum suggests that superimposed optic fibres are unable to form normal synaptic relations with tectal neurons during early regeneration, delaying the establishment of the induced direct ipsilateral visuotectal projection.