The effect of ethanol on surface of semi-interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) polymer matrix of glass-fibre reinforced composite

Santhosh Basavarajappa; Leila Perea-Lowery; Sultan Aati; Abdul Aziz Abdullah Al-Kheraif; Ravikumar Ramakrishnaiah; Jukka Pekka Matinlinna; Pekka K Vallittu

doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.05.030

The effect of ethanol on surface of semi-interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) polymer matrix of glass-fibre reinforced composite

J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2019 Oct:98:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.05.030. Epub 2019 May 20.

Authors

Santhosh Basavarajappa¹, Leila Perea-Lowery², Sultan Aati³, Abdul Aziz Abdullah Al-Kheraif³, Ravikumar Ramakrishnaiah³, Jukka Pekka Matinlinna⁴, Pekka K Vallittu⁵

Affiliations

¹ Dental Biomaterial Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: drsanthosh1979@gmail.com.
² Institute of Dentistry, Department of Biomaterials Science, University of Turku, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.
³ Dental Biomaterial Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Dental Materials Science, Hong Kong, China.
⁵ Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Centre - TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku and City of Turku Welfare Division, Oral Health Care, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.

PMID: 31174080
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.05.030

Abstract

Aim of the study: The aim of this laboratory study was to evaluate the effect of ethanol treatment on the surface roughness (S_a), nano-mechanical properties (NMP) and surface characterization of dental fiber reinforced composite (FRC) with semi-interpenetrating polymer network (IPN).

Materials and methods: A total of 240 FRC specimens with bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate - triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate - Poly (methylmetahcrylate) (bis-GMA-TEGDMA-PMMA) IPN matrix system were light cured for 40 s and divided into 2 groups (L and LH). The group LH was further post-cured by heat at 95 °C for 25 min. The specimens were exposed to 99.9%, 70% and 40% for 15, 30, 60 and 120 s respectively. The treated specimens were evaluated for S_a using non-contact profilometer. NMP were determined using nanoindentation technique and chemical characterization was assessed by Fourier Transform-Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic analyses. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images were made to evaluate the surface topographical changes.

Results: Both the L and LH group showed changes in the S_a and NMP after being treated by different concentrations of ethanol and at different time interval. The highest S_a was observed with L-group (0.733 μm) treated with 99.9% ethanol for 120 s. Specimens in LH-group treated with 99.9% ethanol for 120 s (1.91 GPa) demonstrated increased nano-hardness, and group treated with 40% ethanol for 120 s demonstrated increased Young's modulus of elasticity (22.90 GPa). FTIR analyses revealed changes in the intensity and bandwidth in both the L and LH groups.

Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that both light-cured and heat post-cured FRC were prone for ethanol induced alteration in the surface roughness (S_a), nano-mechanical properties (NMP) and chemical characterization. The interphase between the glass fibers and the organic matrix was affected by ethanol. The changes were considerably less in magnitude in the heat post-cured FRC specimens.

Keywords: Dissolution; Ethanol; FRC; Interpenetrating polymer network; Solvents.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Ethanol / chemistry*
Glass / chemistry*
Mechanical Phenomena*
Polymers / chemistry*
Surface Properties

Substances

Polymers
Ethanol