Check point inhibitors as therapies for infectious diseases

Curr Opin Immunol. 2017 Oct:48:61-67. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2017.07.016. Epub 2017 Aug 31.

Abstract

The recent successes of immune check point targeting therapies in treating cancer patients has driven a resurgence of interest in targeting these pathways in chronically infected patients. While still in early stages, basic and clinical data suggest that blockade of CTLA-4 and PD-1 can be beneficial in the treatment of chronic HIV, HBV, and HCV infection, as well as other chronic maladies. Furthermore, novel inhibitory receptors such as Tim-3, LAG-3, and TIGIT are the potential next wave of check points that can be manipulated for the treatment of chronic infection. Blockade of these pathways influences more than simply T cell responses, and may provide new therapeutic options for chronically infected patients.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antibodies, Monoclonal / therapeutic use*
  • Antigens, CD / metabolism
  • CTLA-4 Antigen / immunology*
  • Costimulatory and Inhibitory T-Cell Receptors / immunology*
  • HIV-1 / immunology*
  • Hepacivirus / immunology*
  • Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 2 / metabolism
  • Hepatitis B virus / immunology*
  • Humans
  • Immunotherapy / methods*
  • Lymphocyte Activation Gene 3 Protein
  • Molecular Targeted Therapy
  • Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor / immunology*
  • Receptors, Immunologic / metabolism
  • Virus Diseases / immunology
  • Virus Diseases / therapy*

Substances

  • Antibodies, Monoclonal
  • Antigens, CD
  • CTLA-4 Antigen
  • Costimulatory and Inhibitory T-Cell Receptors
  • HAVCR2 protein, human
  • Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 2
  • PDCD1 protein, human
  • Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor
  • Receptors, Immunologic
  • TIGIT protein, human
  • Lymphocyte Activation Gene 3 Protein