Developments in urologic oncology «OncoForum»: The best of 2016

Objective: To put forth new findings of urologic oncology with impact on clinical practice presented during 2016 in the main annual meetings.

Acquisition of evidence: This document reviews abstracts on prostate, kidney and bladder cancer presented at the congresses of 2016 (EAU, AUA, ASCO, ESMO and ASTRO) and publications with the highest impact in this period valued with the highest scores by the OncoForum committee.

Synthesis of evidence: In High-Risk Renal-Cell carcinoma after nephrectomy, disease-free survival was significantly greater for sunitinib than placebo group, with adverse events more frequents. In locally advanced and metastatic urotherial carcinoma patients, aletozumab achieved overall response rate in all subgroups of patients, included poor prognostic. In localized prostate cancer, the difference of prostate-cancer-specific mortality among active monitoring, radical prostatectomy and external-beam radiotherapy was not significant (P=0,48). In TERRAIN study, with castration-resistant prostate cancer patients, adverse events was reported in 31% and 23% of patients treated with enzalutamide and bicalutamide, respectively. Moreover, enzalutamide significantly improved median progression-free survival (15.7 months) compared bicalutamide (5.8 months) (P<.0001). In SRTIVE study, Enzalutamide reduced the risk of progression or death by 76% compared with bicalutamide (P<.001).

Conclusions: In high-risk renal-cell carcinoma after nephrectomy, sunitinb has been considered as treatment choice. In localized prostate cancer, prostate-cancer-specific mortality was low irrespective of the treatment assigned (active monitoring, radical prostatectomy and external-beam radiotherapy). In metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer new results of treatment with enzalutamide and abiraterone has been published, wich have been shown beneficial effects in metastatic and no metastatic patients.