Metabolic syndrome, glucose tolerance categories and the cardiovascular risk in Spanish population

Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2016 Apr:114:23-31. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2016.02.003. Epub 2016 Feb 21.

Abstract

We examined the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), glucose tolerance categories and risk factors of cardiovascular-disease (CVD) in the general Spanish population. We studied 3844 randomly sampled subjects (46% males) aged 35-74 years. Glucose tolerance categories were defined according to the 2003 ADA and MetS according to the Harmonized Consensus Criteria with waist circumference (WC) cut-off-points previously reported in Spanish population (≥94.5/≥89.5cm for males/females). The prevalences of normoglycemia (NG), impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), IFG and IGT considered together (IFG/IGT), and diabetes mellitus (DM) were 67.6/16.6/5.0/3.3, and 7.5%, respectively. The overall prevalence of MetS was 31.2%. In subjects with NG, IFG, IGT, IFG/IGT, and DM the MetS prevalence's were 16.3/57.1/31.5/66.1, and 74.4% (p<0.001), respectively. MetS was more common in males, older subjects, smokers, and/or individuals with obesity, IFG, IFG/IGT, DM, or insulin resistance (HOMA-IR ≥3.8). MetS was less prevalent in individuals with low alcohol intake and/or high education level. Regarding the risk level of CVD estimated by Framingham and SCORE risk charts, IGT had higher estimated CVD-risk than IFG and IFG/IGT. The presence of MetS increases the risk 4.85 times by Framingham and 2.43 times by SCORE. Prevalence of prediabetes (IFG/IGT) and MetS were 25% and 31.2% respectively. Prevalence of MetS has not changed in the past decade in Spanish females, but has slightly increased in males. We found that subjects with IGT showed a higher risk of CVD than IFG and IFG/IGT according to the Framingham and SCORE. MetS increased the CVD-risk previously estimated by Framingham and SCORE.

Keywords: Cardiovascular risk factors; Impaired glucose tolerance; Metabolic syndrome.

Publication types

  • Randomized Controlled Trial
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Blood Glucose / metabolism
  • Cardiovascular Diseases / epidemiology
  • Cardiovascular Diseases / etiology*
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Female
  • Glucose Intolerance / complications*
  • Glucose Intolerance / epidemiology
  • Humans
  • Insulin Resistance
  • Male
  • Metabolic Syndrome / complications*
  • Metabolic Syndrome / epidemiology
  • Middle Aged
  • Obesity / complications
  • Prediabetic State / complications*
  • Prediabetic State / epidemiology
  • Prevalence
  • Risk Factors
  • Spain / epidemiology
  • Waist Circumference

Substances

  • Blood Glucose