Erythropoiesis is the process by which progenitors for red blood cells are produced and terminally differentiate. In all vertebrates, two morphologically distinct erythroid lineages (primitive, embryonic, and definitive, fetal/adult) form successively within the yolk sac, fetal liver, and marrow and are essential for normal development. Red blood cells have evolved highly specialized functions in oxygen transport, defense against oxidation, and vascular remodeling. Here we review key features of the ontogeny of red blood cell development in mammals, highlight similarities and differences revealed by genetic and gene expression profiling studies, and discuss methods for identifying erythroid cells at different stages of development and differentiation.
Keywords: AGM; BFU-E; CFU-E; E#; E-Tmod; EMP; ES; ESRE; EryD; EryP; Erythroid differentiation; Fetal liver; GFP; HPP-CFC; MEP; Mammalian embryo; Primitive erythropoiesis; Transgenic mice; Yolk sac; aorta–gonad–mesonephros; bipotential megakaryocyte/erythroid progenitor; burst-forming unit erythroid; colony-forming cells erythroid; definitive, enucleated erythrocytes; embryonic day post-fertilization; embryonic stem; erythroid–myeloid progenitor; erythroid–tropomodulin; extensively self-renewing erythroid; green fluorescent protein; high proliferating progenitors-colony forming cell; primitive (nucleated) erythrocytes.
© 2013.