Safety of intra-operative vasopressor in free jejunal flap reconstruction

Microsurgery. 2013 Jul;33(5):358-61. doi: 10.1002/micr.22097. Epub 2013 May 24.

Abstract

Background: Microvascular surgeons always hold strong belief against the use of vasopressors during free flap surgery. Our aim is to study the safety of intra-operative vasopressors on free jejunal flap reconstruction.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on patients undergoing free jejunal flap reconstruction, aiming at investigating the intra-operative use of vasopressors and the potential complications associated.

Results: Between 1984 and 2012, 110 free jejunal flaps were performed for reconstruction of circumferential pharyngeal defects created after resection of cancers of the hypopharynx. Intra-operative vasopressor was given in 81 (73.6%) patients. The most common vasopressors used were ephedrine (42.7%), phenylephrine (14.5%) or both (42.8%). They were administered to the patients before the start of flap harvesting (n = 32, 29.1%), during the flap harvesting (n = 30, 27.3%), during microvascular anastomosis (n = 20, 18.2%), or they were given more than once during the whole operation (n = 28, 25.4%). The incidence of intra-operative re-anastomosis due to thrombosis was 4.5% and the post-operative flap failure rate was 5.4%. There was no significant relationship between the administration of vasopressor during surgery and the need for intra-operative re-anastomosis, post-operative flap failure and the timing of flap failure. Similarly, there was also no relationship between the timing of vasopressor administration and the above variables. The long-term stricture rate was 2.7%, the risk of which was not increased by the intra-operative use of vasopressors.

Conclusion: The intra-operative use of vasopressors is safe in free jejunal flap reconstruction.

Publication types

  • Evaluation Study

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Drug Administration Schedule
  • Female
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Free Tissue Flaps / blood supply
  • Free Tissue Flaps / transplantation*
  • Graft Occlusion, Vascular / epidemiology
  • Graft Occlusion, Vascular / etiology
  • Graft Survival
  • Humans
  • Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms / surgery*
  • Hypotension / drug therapy*
  • Hypotension / etiology
  • Injections, Intravenous
  • Intraoperative Care / adverse effects
  • Intraoperative Care / methods
  • Intraoperative Complications / drug therapy*
  • Jejunum / transplantation*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Pharynx / surgery
  • Plastic Surgery Procedures / methods*
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Thrombosis / epidemiology
  • Thrombosis / etiology
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Vasoconstrictor Agents / adverse effects
  • Vasoconstrictor Agents / therapeutic use*

Substances

  • Vasoconstrictor Agents