The present study evaluates protective effects of naringin against paraquat (PQ)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) and pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Survival probability against PQ intoxication was tested by a single intraperitoneal injection of PQ. Results showed that survival rates of mice exposed to PQ only (50 mg/kg within 7 days) were much lower than that in mice daily treatment with NAC or naringin. Moreover, protection against PQ-induced ALI was tested by daily pretreatment mice with saline, NAC or naringin for 3 days before PQ (30 mg/kg, i.p.). Results showed that increase in leukocytes infiltration and overexpressions of TNF-α and TGF-β1 caused by 8h of PQ exposure were dose-dependently ameliorated by naringin. Furthermore, protection against PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis was tested by pretreatment mice with PQ (20 mg/kg, i.p.), and then daily administration with saline, NAC or naringin for prolonged 21 days. Results showed that naringin of 60 and 120 mg/kg significantly reduced PQ-induced upregulations of TNF-α, TGF-β1, MMP-9 and TIMP-1, levels of pulmonary malonaldehyde and hydroxyproline, as well as pulmonary fibrosis deposition, while increased activities of SOD, GSH-Px and HO-1. These results indicated that naringin had effective protection against PQ-induced ALI and pulmonary fibrosis.
Keywords: ALI; Acute lung injury; Anti-inflammatory; Antioxidant; BAL; BCA; CAT; GSH-Px; H&E; HO-1; HYP; MDA; MMP-9; N-acetyl cysteine; NAC; NF-κB; Naringin; PQ; Paraquat; Pulmonary fibrosis; SOD; TGF-β; TIMP-1; TNF-α; acute lung injury; bicinchoninic acid; bronchoalveolar lavage; catalase; glutathione peroxidase; hematoxylin and eosin; heme oxygenase; hydroxyproline; i.g.; i.p.; intragastric; intraperitoneally; malonaldehyde; matrix metalloproteinase-9; nuclear factor kappa B; paraquat; superoxide dismutase; tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases-1; transforming growth factor-β; tumor necrosis factor-α.
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