Airborne transmission of influenza A/H5N1 virus between ferrets

Science. 2012 Jun 22;336(6088):1534-41. doi: 10.1126/science.1213362.

Abstract

Highly pathogenic avian influenza A/H5N1 virus can cause morbidity and mortality in humans but thus far has not acquired the ability to be transmitted by aerosol or respiratory droplet ("airborne transmission") between humans. To address the concern that the virus could acquire this ability under natural conditions, we genetically modified A/H5N1 virus by site-directed mutagenesis and subsequent serial passage in ferrets. The genetically modified A/H5N1 virus acquired mutations during passage in ferrets, ultimately becoming airborne transmissible in ferrets. None of the recipient ferrets died after airborne infection with the mutant A/H5N1 viruses. Four amino acid substitutions in the host receptor-binding protein hemagglutinin, and one in the polymerase complex protein basic polymerase 2, were consistently present in airborne-transmitted viruses. The transmissible viruses were sensitive to the antiviral drug oseltamivir and reacted well with antisera raised against H5 influenza vaccine strains. Thus, avian A/H5N1 influenza viruses can acquire the capacity for airborne transmission between mammals without recombination in an intermediate host and therefore constitute a risk for human pandemic influenza.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Air Microbiology
  • Amino Acid Substitution
  • Animals
  • Antiviral Agents / pharmacology
  • Containment of Biohazards
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Female
  • Ferrets*
  • Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus / chemistry
  • Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus / genetics
  • Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus / immunology
  • Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Immune Sera
  • Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype / drug effects
  • Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype / genetics*
  • Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype / pathogenicity*
  • Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype / physiology
  • Influenza in Birds / epidemiology
  • Influenza in Birds / virology
  • Influenza, Human / epidemiology
  • Influenza, Human / transmission
  • Influenza, Human / virology*
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
  • Mutation
  • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / transmission
  • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / virology*
  • Oseltamivir / pharmacology
  • Pandemics
  • Poultry
  • RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase / chemistry
  • RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase / genetics
  • Reassortant Viruses / pathogenicity
  • Receptors, Virus / metabolism
  • Respiratory System / virology*
  • Reverse Genetics
  • Serial Passage
  • Sialic Acids / metabolism
  • Viral Proteins / chemistry
  • Viral Proteins / genetics
  • Virulence
  • Virus Replication
  • Virus Shedding

Substances

  • Antiviral Agents
  • Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus
  • Immune Sera
  • PB2 protein, Influenzavirus A
  • Receptors, Virus
  • Sialic Acids
  • Viral Proteins
  • hemagglutinin, avian influenza A virus
  • Oseltamivir
  • RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase

Associated data

  • GENBANK/CY116643
  • GENBANK/CY116644
  • GENBANK/CY116645
  • GENBANK/CY116646
  • GENBANK/CY116647
  • GENBANK/CY116648
  • GENBANK/CY116649
  • GENBANK/CY116650
  • GENBANK/CY116651
  • GENBANK/CY116652
  • GENBANK/CY116653
  • GENBANK/CY116654
  • GENBANK/CY116655
  • GENBANK/CY116656
  • GENBANK/CY116657
  • GENBANK/CY116658
  • GENBANK/CY116659
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  • GENBANK/CY116668
  • GENBANK/CY116669
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  • GENBANK/CY116679
  • GENBANK/CY116680
  • GENBANK/CY116681
  • GENBANK/CY116682
  • GENBANK/CY116683
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  • GENBANK/CY116697
  • GENBANK/CY116698