The link between dietary glycemic index and nutrient adequacy

Am J Clin Nutr. 2012 Mar;95(3):694-702. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.111.015271. Epub 2012 Jan 18.

Abstract

Background: Low-glycemic index (low-GI) diets may be less nutritious because of limited food choices. Alternately, high-GI diets could be less healthful because of a higher intake of refined carbohydrate.

Objective: The objective was to investigate the association between dietary GI, intakes of carbohydrates from high-GI (CHO(high GI)) and low-GI (CHO(low GI)) sources, and the risk of nutrient inadequacy in children and adolescents.

Design: Children, aged 2-16 y, who provided 2 plausible 24-h recalls in a national survey were included (n = 4140). The ORs of not meeting the Australian Nutrient Reference Values (NRVs) were calculated by logistic regression.

Results: Subjects with higher intakes of CHO(high GI) were found to be at risk of not meeting the NRVs for a wide range of nutrients, including calcium and iodine (both P-trend < 0.001). In comparison with subjects in the lowest quartile of CHO(high GI), those in the highest quartile had 3 times (adjusted OR: 3.13; 95% CI: 2.47, 3.97; P-trend < 0.001) the risk of not meeting the Estimated Average Requirement for calcium. For iodine, the risk increased >5-fold (adjusted OR: 5.45; 95% CI: 3.97, 7.48; P-trend < 0.001). On the other hand, subjects with higher intakes of CHO(low GI) were less likely to meet Adequate Intakes of unsaturated fatty acids (all P-trend < 0.001), despite having lower risks of not meeting the NRVs for most nutrients.

Conclusion: Children and adolescents who consume more CHO(low GI) are more likely to meet most nutrient recommendations than those consuming higher GI diets.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Calcium, Dietary / administration & dosage
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Diet*
  • Dietary Carbohydrates / administration & dosage*
  • Energy Intake
  • Female
  • Glycemic Index*
  • Guidelines as Topic
  • Humans
  • Iodine / administration & dosage
  • Linear Models
  • Male
  • Nutrition Assessment
  • Reference Values

Substances

  • Calcium, Dietary
  • Dietary Carbohydrates
  • Iodine