Clofarabine and high-dose cytosine arabinoside in the treatment of refractory or relapsed acute myeloid leukaemia

Ann Hematol. 2011 Nov;90(11):1277-81. doi: 10.1007/s00277-011-1223-2. Epub 2011 Apr 1.

Abstract

Clofarabine (40 mg/m(2)/day × 5) and high-dose cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C, 1-2 g/m(2)/day × 5) were used in 10 men and 11 women, at a median age of 45 (22-62) years, with refractory (N = 4) and relapsed (N = 17) acute myeloid leukaemia, after a median of 3 (2-5) prior regimens. Grade 4 myelosuppression was observed in all cases, with two patients dying of bacterial sepsis. Nine patients achieved a complete remission. Disease status, number of prior therapies, and cytogenetic aberrations were not associated with the outcome. However, remission was only achieved with Ara-C at 2 g/m(2)/day and not 1 g/m(2)/day (9/15 versus 0/4, P = 0.03).

MeSH terms

  • Adenine Nucleotides / administration & dosage*
  • Adenine Nucleotides / adverse effects
  • Adult
  • Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / administration & dosage*
  • Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / adverse effects
  • Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / adverse effects
  • Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / therapeutic use*
  • Arabinonucleosides / administration & dosage*
  • Arabinonucleosides / adverse effects
  • Clofarabine
  • Cytarabine / administration & dosage*
  • Cytarabine / adverse effects
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / drug therapy*
  • Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / prevention & control*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Recurrence
  • Remission Induction
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Adenine Nucleotides
  • Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic
  • Arabinonucleosides
  • Cytarabine
  • Clofarabine