The antiviral cascade triggered by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) represents a vital event for eradicating hepatitis B virus (HBV) in experimental animals. IFN-gamma signaling is mediated through the ligand binding to IFN-gamma receptor 1 (IFNGR1). Control of IFNGR1 expression level is one of the mechanisms by which cells modulate the potency of IFN-gamma signaling. In this study, we comprehensively investigated the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IFNGR1 gene and correlated their occurrence to susceptibility to HBV infection in a Chinese population. A total of 983 participants, including 361 chronic hepatitis B patients, 256 individuals who had spontaneously recovered from HBV infection, and 366 healthy control subjects, were enrolled in the study. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to identify seven SNPs (-611A/G, -56C/T, 40G/A, 95C/T, 130A/G, 20685A/G, 21227T/C) in IFNGR1 gene. We found that -56C and -56T allele were associated with viral clearance and viral persistence, respectively (P = 0.014). In a reporter-driven assay, we validated that the promoter variant with -56C exhibited a higher transcription level than that with -56T in HepG2 cells in a cell-type-specific pattern. We conclude that a functional -56C/T SNP in IFNGR1 promoter is associated with the clinical outcome of HBV infection in this Chinese population.