Nifedipine intake increases the risk for periodontal destruction in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus

J Periodontol. 2008 Nov;79(11):2054-9. doi: 10.1902/jop.2008.080033.

Abstract

Background: This study investigated the possible association of nifedipine (NIF) intake and diabetes mellitus (DM) with periodontal destruction.

Methods: A group of Chinese subjects (N = 1,083, age: 63 +/- 8.7 years) were screened. Three hundred fifty-eight non-smokers with hypertension were selected for the study and were grouped based on DM status as non-DM and DM groups, DM(-) and DM(+) respectively. NIF(+) and NIF(-) indicated NIF intake or not. The groups were further divided: NIF(-)/DM(-) (n = 135); NIF(+)/DM(-) (n = 108); NIF(-)/DM(+) (n = 64); and NIF(+)/DM(+) (n = 51). The periodontal conditions in anterior teeth were assessed using plaque index, sulcus bleeding index, clinical attachment loss (AL), probing depth (PD), and the number of missing teeth.

Results: Using analysis of covariance, NIF intake was associated with mean PD and extent of PD > or =4 mm in the non-DM and DM groups. The subjects in the NIF(+)/DM(+) subgroup showed greater mean AL and percentage of sites with AL > or =5 mm and AL > or =7 mm than those in NIF(-)/DM(+) subgroup, whereas no significant difference existed between subjects in NIF(-)/DM(-) and NIF(+)/DM(-) subgroups. The NIF(+)/DM(+) subgroup exhibited a greater percentage of sites with AL > or =5 mm (35.5%) compared to the other three subgroups (24.7% for NIF[-]/DM[-], P = 0.004; 25.0% for NIF[+]/DM[-], P = 0.007; and 25.2% for NIF[-]/DM[+], P = 0.016). Logistic regression analysis showed that the NIF(+)/DM(+) subgroup had a significantly higher risk for having >10% of sites with AL > or =5 mm compared to the NIF(-)/DM(-) subgroup (odds ratio [OR] = 2.9; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2 to 7.4; P = 0.022), the NIF(+)/DM(-) subgroup (OR = 3.1; 95% CI: 1.2 to 8.1; P = 0.020), and the NIF(-)/DM(+) subgroup (OR = 5.1; CI: 1.8 to 14.3; P = 0.002).

Conclusion: NIF intake may increase the risk for periodontal destruction in patients with type 2 DM.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Analysis of Variance
  • Calcium Channel Blockers / adverse effects*
  • Calcium Channel Blockers / therapeutic use
  • Cohort Studies
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / complications*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Hypertension / complications*
  • Hypertension / drug therapy
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Nifedipine / adverse effects*
  • Nifedipine / therapeutic use
  • Periodontal Diseases / chemically induced
  • Periodontal Diseases / complications*
  • Periodontal Index
  • Risk Factors
  • Severity of Illness Index
  • Single-Blind Method

Substances

  • Calcium Channel Blockers
  • Nifedipine