Spike protein, S, of human coronavirus HKU1: role in viral life cycle and application in antibody detection

Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2008 Dec;233(12):1527-36. doi: 10.3181/0806-RM-197. Epub 2008 Oct 10.

Abstract

We recently described the discovery, genome, clinical features, genotypes and evolution of a novel and global human respiratory virus named human coronavirus HKU1 (HCoV-HKU1) which is not yet culturable. We expressed a C-terminal FLAG-tagged CoV-HKU1 spike (S) protein by the Semliki Forest Virus (SFV) system and investigated its maturation profile. Pulse chase labeling revealed that S-FLAG was expressed as high-mannose N-glycans of monomers and trimers. It was predominantly cleaved into subdomains S1 and S2 during maturation. S1 was secreted into the medium. Immunofluorescence analysis visualized S along the secretory pathway from endoplasmic reticulum to plasma membrane. Cleavage of S and release of HCoV-HKU1 S pseudotyped virus were inhibited by furin or furin-like enzyme inhibitors. The cell-based expressed full-length S-FLAG could be recognized by the convalescent serum obtained from a patient with HCoV-HKU1 pneumonia. The data suggest that the native form of HCoV-HKU1 spike expressed in our system can be used in developing serological diagnostic assay and in understanding the role of S in the viral life cycle.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Retracted Publication

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antibodies, Viral / genetics
  • Antibodies, Viral / immunology*
  • Antibodies, Viral / metabolism
  • Cell Line
  • Coronavirus / classification*
  • Coronavirus / genetics
  • Coronavirus / immunology*
  • Coronavirus / metabolism
  • Cricetinae
  • Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate / metabolism
  • Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect
  • Fluorescent Dyes / metabolism
  • Glycosylation
  • Humans
  • Immunization
  • Kidney / cytology
  • Membrane Glycoproteins / genetics
  • Membrane Glycoproteins / immunology*
  • Membrane Glycoproteins / metabolism
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred BALB C
  • Physiological Phenomena / genetics*
  • Recombinant Proteins / immunology
  • Recombinant Proteins / metabolism
  • Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
  • Transfection
  • Viral Envelope Proteins / genetics
  • Viral Envelope Proteins / immunology*
  • Viral Envelope Proteins / metabolism

Substances

  • Antibodies, Viral
  • Fluorescent Dyes
  • Membrane Glycoproteins
  • Recombinant Proteins
  • Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
  • Viral Envelope Proteins
  • spike glycoprotein, SARS-CoV
  • spike protein, mouse hepatitis virus
  • Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate