A community-based study of the distribution of larvivorous fish, Poecilia reticulata (common name: guppy), in water storage containers for dengue control was undertaken in 14 villages and approximately 1,000 households in Cambodia. Community volunteers reared guppies and distributed them in water jars and tanks in households for which they were responsible. A nearby control area received no intervention. One year after project commencement, 56.9% of eligible containers contained guppies and there was a 79.0% reduction in Aedes infestation in the intervention community compared with the control. Smaller or discarded containers unsuitable for guppy distribution in the intervention area also had 51% less infestation than those in the control area, suggesting a "community-wide" protective effect. In addition, there was less infestation in villages with higher rates of fish uptake, suggesting that the presence of fish was responsible for a reduction in Aedes infestation. This applied vector control model was well-accepted, effective, efficient, and shows promise as a sustainable community-based, non-insecticidal intervention for dengue vector control in large domestic water storage containers in rural Cambodia and elsewhere.