Molecular Adsorbent Recirculation System (MARS) is a form of extracorporeal detoxification system used as an artificial liver support system. Numerous studies have been published on the topic, with the majority of them describing the capability of MARS in removing albumin-bound toxins and improving systemic hemodynamics. Whether such improvement could be translated into survival benefit is still uncertain, given the paucity of randomized controlled trials available. The outcome of patients receiving MARS treatment is difficult to analyze because liver failure patients constitute a heterogeneous population and different subgroups carry different prognoses. An evidence-based recommendation on the timing of MARS initiation is not available and currently MARS is usually commenced for hyperbilirubinemia or presence of complications of liver failure. MARS is in general a safe procedure, but there are still potential complications that need to be cautioned, along with various operative issues that are worth attention. The future prospects of MARS would rely on the completion of adequately powered randomized controlled trials.