T-box transcription factors and their roles in regulatory hierarchies in the developing heart

Development. 2005 Nov;132(22):4897-910. doi: 10.1242/dev.02099.

Abstract

T-box transcription factors are important players in the molecular circuitry that generates lineage diversity and form in the developing embryo. At least seven family members are expressed in the developing mammalian heart, and the human T-box genes TBX1 and TBX5 are mutated in cardiac congenital anomaly syndromes. Here, we review T-box gene function during mammalian heart development in the light of new insights into heart morphogenesis. We see for the first time how hierarchies of transcriptional activation and repression involving multiple T-box factors play out in three-dimensional space to establish the cardiac progenitors fields, to define their subservient lineages, and to generate heart form and function.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / physiology*
  • Heart / embryology*
  • Heart / physiology
  • Humans
  • Myocardium / metabolism*
  • T-Box Domain Proteins / physiology*

Substances

  • T-Box Domain Proteins