Background: Endoscopic removal of large sessile polyps is sometimes technically difficult and is associated with an increased risk of complications. Moreover, the incidence of invasive carcinoma within these polyps is not negligible. Laparoscopic colorectal resection has been recommended in the treatment of these large polyps. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of laparoscopic colorectal resection for polyps that were not suitable for colonoscopic removal.
Methods: Forty-five patients (28 men and 17 women) who underwent laparoscopic colorectal resection with the preoperative diagnosis of colorectal polyps were analyzed. The reasons for surgical resection were large sessile polyps (n = 34), difficult position (n = 2), recurrence after transanal endoscopic microsurgery (n = 1), and the presence of intramucosal malignancy on histology after colonoscopic polypectomy (n = 8).
Results: The mean age of the patients was 66.7 years (range, 33-89). Previous abdominal operation had been performed in 12 patients (26.7%). Two patients underwent subtotal colectomy because of multiple polyps (14 and 19, respectively). Synchronous resection of other organs was performed in two patients (a right salpingo-oophorectomy and a right adrenalectomy). Intraoperative complications occurred in two patients, and two patients (4.5%) required conversion because of perforation of the colon during dissection and dense adhesions, respectively. There was no postoperative mortality. Complications occurred in seven patients (15.6%), and they included postoperative ileus (n = 4), anastomotic leakage (n = 1), urinary retention (n = 1), and urinary tract infection (n = 1). Reoperation was required in one patient for anastomotic leakage. The median hospital stay was 6 days. The histopathology of colorectal polyps showed tubular (n = 12), tubulovillous (n = 13), and villous adenoma (n = 12); mixed adenomatous/hyperolastic polyps (n = 2); inflammatory polyp (n = 1); and colonic lipoma (n = 1). Four patients, who had previous polypectoray with intramucosal malignancy, had no residual pathology. The median size was 3.0 cm. Invasive carcinoma was found in 16 patients (35.6%). The median number of lymph node sampling was six, and two patients had lymph node metastases.
Conclusions: Colonic polyps that were not amendable for colonoscopic removal were associated with a high incidence of malignant invasion. Laparoscopic colectomy offers safe and effective management of these polyps with the benefits of early postoperative recovery.