The challenge in using conceptual models to measure multidimensional outcome concepts has been the inability to statistically compare group differences. An illustration of latent mean structure analysis using a second-order factor model representing quality of life is presented. Tests for the structure of the second-order factor model representing quality of life, and for its invariance across the 2 groups were based on the analysis of latent mean structures. Group means on the first-order factors could be compared and there were significant differences. Nursing researchers are often interested in studying theoretical constructs that cannot be measured directly. This analysis demonstrated a process by which means of a quality of life conceptual model could be compared between groups.