The success of the implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) led to the concept of a device that would terminate atrial fibrillation (AF) using an implantable device. Implantable devices for AF are undergoing rapid evolution. Currently used devices combine pacing and cardioversion therapies to prevent and to treat AE Recent studies have shown that these devices are safe and can decrease the incidence of AF and improve quality of life significantly. Implantable devices for atrial defibrillation are likely to have an increasing role in the near future, particularly when they are used in combination with ICD and cardiac resynchronization therapy in which AF is both common and its termination is clinically beneficial.