Biodegradation and enzymatic responses in the marine diatom Skeletonema costatum upon exposure to 2,4-dichlorophenol

Aquat Toxicol. 2002 Sep 24;59(3-4):191-200. doi: 10.1016/s0166-445x(01)00252-1.

Abstract

The biodegradation and responses of selected detoxification and antioxidant enzymes in the marine diatom, Skeletonema costatum, upon exposure to sublethal concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) were investigated. Results show that 2,4-DCP was readily metabolised, but bioaccumulation and adsorption were negligible. Glutathione S-transferase, ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities were increased markedly after exposure to 2,4-DCP for 96 h, while no appreciable change in peroxidase activity was observed. The addition of exogeneous glutathione to diatom culture enhanced the degradation of 2,4-DCP, and promoted diatom growth. The inhibition of glutathione synthesis enhanced the toxicity of 2,4-DCP. These results suggest that glutathione conjugation was one of the principal mechanisms involved in the degradation of 2,4-DCP in this diatom.

MeSH terms

  • Adsorption
  • Animals
  • Anthelmintics
  • Ascorbate Peroxidases
  • Biodegradation, Environmental
  • Chlorophenols / metabolism
  • Chlorophenols / pharmacokinetics
  • Chlorophenols / toxicity*
  • Diatoms / drug effects*
  • Diatoms / enzymology
  • Diatoms / growth & development
  • Diatoms / metabolism
  • Glucose / pharmacology
  • Glutathione / administration & dosage
  • Glutathione / metabolism*
  • Glutathione Transferase / metabolism
  • Peroxidases / metabolism
  • Superoxide Dismutase / metabolism
  • Tissue Distribution

Substances

  • Anthelmintics
  • Chlorophenols
  • Peroxidases
  • Ascorbate Peroxidases
  • Superoxide Dismutase
  • Glutathione Transferase
  • Glutathione
  • Glucose
  • 2,4-dichlorophenol