PMC

Players and actions of the cephalosporin stewardship programme implemented in French pig production (adapted from Dyar et al., ). Actions and behaviours are represented with black and grey arrows, feedback and follow‐up information with dashed ones. ASP, antimicrobial stewardship programme; ANSES is the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety

General beer production flow with Critical Control Points (CCPs), Prerequisite Programme (PRP), and Operational Prerequisite Programme (OPRP).

CD73‐driven adenosine production by Tc17 acts in an autocrine loop to sustain stem‐cell programme and restrain effector differentiation. (a) CD73 expression by Tc17 cells enables the production of extracellular adenosine that signals through adenosine receptor A2A (A2AR) in an autocrine fashion. Adenosine signalling sustains Tc17 phenotype [interleukin‐17 (IL‐17) production and TCF/LEF expression] and inhibit the acquisition of Tc1‐like effector molecules [interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) and GzmB]. (b) CD73‐mediated adenosine production sustains the stem‐cell‐like programme on Tc17 cells, allowing these cells to survive and persist as long‐lived memory T cells. Upon antigen encounter, some Tc17 cells lose CD73 expression and adenosine production. In the absence of autocrine adenosine signalling, Tc17 cells can differentiate into short‐lived effector Tc1‐like cells (IFN‐γ ⁺ GzmB⁺).

Scientific production of the Field Epidemiology Training Programme (FETP), National Institute of Epidemiology (NIE), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, 2001–2009.