HL-1 cells were cultured at least during 3 weeks with normal glucose (5.5 mmol/l) then submitted to LG, NG, HG or IHG for 12h with medium change every 2h or 72h with medium change every 12h (see ). The MMP was measured using TMRE in the absence (basal, A) or in the presence of either succinate (B), palmitate (C) or pyruvate (D). Results were normalized to the NG condition. Data are the means ± S.E.M of 3–7 independent experiments. Two-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey’s multiple comparisons test when evaluating the effect of glucose and time treatment *, P < 0.05, vs LG; $, P < 0.05, $ $ $, P < 0.001, vs NG; §, P < 0.05, §§§, P < 0.001, 12 vs 72h. For basal, F 12 vs 72h (1, 20) = 41.98, P<0.0001; Fglucose treatment (3, 20) = 3.239, P = 0.0438; F 12 vs 72hXglucose treatment (3, 20) = 10.56, P = 0.0002; For succinate, F 12 vs 72h (1, 32) = 3.722, P = 0.0626; Fglucose treatment (3, 32) = 7.572, P = 0.0006; F 12 vs 72hXglucose treatment (3, 32) = 0.7248, P = 0.5447; For palmitate, F 12 vs 72h (1, 36) = 2.257, P = 0.1417; Fglucose treatment (3, 36) = 1.543, P = 0.2200; F 12 vs 72hXglucose treatment (3, 36) = 2.886, P = 0.0489; For pyruvate, F 12 vs 72h (1, 28) = 0.4816, P = 0.4934; Fglucose treatment (3, 28) = 2.624, P = 0.0701; F 12 vs 72hXglucose treatment (3, 28) = 3.349, P = 0.0331.