PMC

Adrenal immune histochemistry. (A) A section of group I (control) showing mild cytoplasmic reaction for IL-6 of adrenal cortical cells of both ZG and ZF (IL-6×200). (B) A section of group I (control) showing mild cytoplasmic reaction for IL-6 of adrenal cells of both ZR and medulla (IL- 6×200). (C) Group III (lumateperone) showing extensive cytoplasmic reaction for IL-6 of adrenal cortical cells of ZG and the strong cytoplasmic reaction of ZF (IL-6×200). (D) Group III (lumateperone) showing mild cytoplasmic reaction for IL-6 of adrenal cortical cells of ZR and the strong cytoplasmic reaction of the medulla (IL-6×200). (E) Group IV (quercetin + lumateperone) showing mild cytoplasmic reactions for IL-6 of adrenal cortical cells of both ZG and ZF (IL-6×200). (F) Group IV (quercetin + lumateperone) showing mild cytoplasmic reaction for IL-6 of adrenal medulla (IL-6×200). (G) IL-6 intensity among groups analyzed by morphometry (H) Group I (control) showing negative cytoplasmic reactions for caspase-3 of adrenal cortical cells of both ZG and ZF (Caspase-3×200). (I) A section of group I (control) showing negative cytoplasmic reaction for caspase-3 of adrenal cortical cells of both ZR and medulla (caspase-3×200). (J) Group III (lumateperone) showing extensive cytoplasmic reaction for caspase-3 of adrenal cortical cells of ZG and moderate cytoplasmic reactions of ZF (caspase-3×200). (K) Group III (lumateperone) showing mild cytoplasmic reactions for caspase-3 of adrenal cortical cells of ZR and the strong cytoplasmic reaction of the medulla (caspase-3×200). (L) Group IV (quercetin + lumateperone) showing negative cytoplasmic reaction for caspase-3 of adrenal cortical cells of both ZG and ZF (caspase-3×200). (M) A section of group IV (quercetin + lumateperone) showing negative cytoplasmic reaction for caspase-3 of adrenal cortical cells of both ZR and medulla (caspase-3×200). (N) Caspase-3 intensity among groups analyzed by morphometry. (O) A PCNA stained section of group I, showing the positive nuclear reaction of most cells of adrenal cortical cells of both ZG (arrow) and ZF (arrowhead; PCNA ×200). (P) Group I, showing PCNA-positive nuclear reaction of adrenal cells of both ZR (arrowhead) and medulla (arrow; M; PCNA ×200). (Q) A section of PCNA stained section of group III (lumateperone) showing the negative nuclear reactions of many cells of adrenal cortical cells of both ZG (arrow) and ZF (arrowhead; PCNA ×200). (R) Group III (lumateperone) showing PCNA-negative nuclear reaction of adrenal cells of both ZR (arrowhead) and medulla (arrowhead; PCNA ×200). (S) A PCNA stained section of group IV (quercetin + lumateperone) showing a positive nuclear reaction of most cells of adrenal cortical cells of both ZG (arrow) and ZF (arrowhead; PCNA ×200). (T) Group IV (quercetin + lumateperone) showing PCNA-positive nuclear reaction of adrenal cells of both ZR (arrowhead) and medulla (arrow; PCNA ×200). (U) PCNA number of +ve cells among groups analyzed by morphometry. Data of morphometry were expressed as mean ± SD (n = 10). One-way ANOVA: # < 0.05 vs. control; ∗ < 0.05 vs. quercetin; $ < 0.05 vs. lumateperone. N.B. Control with quercetin group showed the same findings as the control group.

The chemical name of lumateperone is 4-((6bR,10aS)-3-methyl-2,3,6b,9,10,10a-hexahydro-1H,7H-pyrido[3’,4’:4,5]pyrrolo[1,2,3-de]quinoxalin8-yl)-1-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-butan-1-one 4-methylbenzenesulfonate []. Black circles represent carbon atoms, white circles represent hydrogen atoms, blue circles represent nitrogen atoms, green circle represents a fluoride atom, and red circle represents an oxygen atom.
Image credit: Jessi Lau.

Structure of lumateperone.

Alternate synthesis of lumateperone.