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A multivariate approach to the gender wage gap
- Author(s):
- Witkowski, K M
- Title(s):
- A multivariate approach to the gender wage gap / K.M. Witkowski.
- Publisher:
- 1992.
- Description:
- 15, [9] p.
-
Language:
- English
- Summary:
- In the 1920's women received 63% of men's wages when their labor force participation rate was 20%. By 1980 their employment rate increased to 50% with a gender wage ratio of 60%. The supply-side, demand-side, and social influences on gender earnings difference were examined, in a theoretical model using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youths (NLSY) of 1979-87, which interviewed 12,686 persons aged 14-21. A longitudinal analysis was then carried out regarding the effect of previous work experience and marital and fertility history of salaried workers aged 23-29 during this period on 1987 earnings using 5 models. Women had 13.2 years of education vs. 12.6 for men, but men had 6.5 years of work experience compared with 6 years for women. Men worked 44.1 hours/week vs. 38.3 for women. Marital status was 42% for men and 47% for women; 9% of men and 14% of women had been divorced. 62% of women were segregated into female-dominated occupations vs. 12% of men. These could account for the mean annual income of $14,913 for men vs. $9,799 for women. Rewards to education and work experience were constant for both sexes, but females derived more benefit from present labor force attachment, from being single, and having fewer children. Years in marriage increased the earnings of women, while men were negatively impacted by unmarried status. Female income increased with metropolitan residence and unionization, but employment in periphery industries was a disadvantage. Education had a positive effect as a requisite for job skills. Training time was positively correlated with higher wages for both sexes, so were clerical skills for men and verbal job requirements for women. Involvement with people negatively influenced earnings for both. High levels of control and varied duties had an negative on female wages.
- MeSH:
- Education*
Employment*
Labor Unions*
Longitudinal Studies*
Marriage*
Models, Theoretical*
Multivariate Analysis*
Salaries and Fringe Benefits*
Sex Factors*
- Publication Type(s):
- Unpublished Work
- Notes:
- Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America, Denver, Colorado, April 30 - May 2, 1992.
Includes bibliographical references.
25 ref.
- Report Number:
- 073885
- Other ID:
- (DNLM)00221795
- NLM ID:
- 101056965 [Book]