From HPO
Lacticaciduria- MedGen UID:
- 871116
- •Concept ID:
- C4025585
- •
- Finding
An increased concentration of lactic acid in the urine.
Vomiting- MedGen UID:
- 12124
- •Concept ID:
- C0042963
- •
- Sign or Symptom
Forceful ejection of the contents of the stomach through the mouth by means of a series of involuntary spasmic contractions.
Feeding difficulties- MedGen UID:
- 65429
- •Concept ID:
- C0232466
- •
- Finding
Impaired ability to eat related to problems gathering food and getting ready to suck, chew, or swallow it.
Low-set ears- MedGen UID:
- 65980
- •Concept ID:
- C0239234
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Upper insertion of the ear to the scalp below an imaginary horizontal line drawn between the inner canthi of the eye and extending posteriorly to the ear.
Cerebellar ataxia- MedGen UID:
- 849
- •Concept ID:
- C0007758
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Cerebellar ataxia refers to ataxia due to dysfunction of the cerebellum. This causes a variety of elementary neurological deficits including asynergy (lack of coordination between muscles, limbs and joints), dysmetria (lack of ability to judge distances that can lead to under- or overshoot in grasping movements), and dysdiadochokinesia (inability to perform rapid movements requiring antagonizing muscle groups to be switched on and off repeatedly).
Gliosis- MedGen UID:
- 4899
- •Concept ID:
- C0017639
- •
- Pathologic Function
Gliosis is the focal proliferation of glial cells in the central nervous system.
Myoclonus- MedGen UID:
- 10234
- •Concept ID:
- C0027066
- •
- Finding
Very brief, involuntary random muscular contractions occurring at rest, in response to sensory stimuli, or accompanying voluntary movements.
Peripheral neuropathy- MedGen UID:
- 18386
- •Concept ID:
- C0031117
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Peripheral neuropathy is a general term for any disorder of the peripheral nervous system. The main clinical features used to classify peripheral neuropathy are distribution, type (mainly demyelinating versus mainly axonal), duration, and course.
Epilepsia partialis continua- MedGen UID:
- 39303
- •Concept ID:
- C0085543
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Epilepsia partialis continua (also called Kojevnikov's or Kozhevnikov's epilepsia) is a type of focal motor status epilepticus characterized by repeated stereotyped simple motor manifestations such as jerks, typically of a limb or the face, recurring every few seconds or minutes for extended periods (days or years).
CNS demyelination- MedGen UID:
- 137898
- •Concept ID:
- C0338474
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
A loss of myelin from nerve fibers in the central nervous system.
Delayed speech and language development- MedGen UID:
- 105318
- •Concept ID:
- C0454644
- •
- Finding
A degree of language development that is significantly below the norm for a child of a specified age.
Bilateral tonic-clonic seizure- MedGen UID:
- 141670
- •Concept ID:
- C0494475
- •
- Sign or Symptom
A bilateral tonic-clonic seizure is a seizure defined by a tonic (bilateral increased tone, lasting seconds to minutes) and then a clonic (bilateral sustained rhythmic jerking) phase.
Global developmental delay- MedGen UID:
- 107838
- •Concept ID:
- C0557874
- •
- Finding
A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age.
Cerebellar atrophy- MedGen UID:
- 196624
- •Concept ID:
- C0740279
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Cerebellar atrophy is defined as a cerebellum with initially normal structures, in a posterior fossa with normal size, which displays enlarged fissures (interfolial spaces) in comparison to the foliae secondary to loss of tissue. Cerebellar atrophy implies irreversible loss of tissue and result from an ongoing progressive disease until a final stage is reached or a single injury, e.g. an intoxication or infectious event.
Gait ataxia- MedGen UID:
- 155642
- •Concept ID:
- C0751837
- •
- Sign or Symptom
A type of ataxia characterized by the impairment of the ability to coordinate the movements required for normal walking. Gait ataxia is characteirzed by a wide-based staggering gait with a tendency to fall.
Exaggerated startle response- MedGen UID:
- 329357
- •Concept ID:
- C1740801
- •
- Finding
An exaggerated startle reaction in response to a sudden unexpected visual or acoustic stimulus, or a quick movement near the face.
Intellectual disability- MedGen UID:
- 811461
- •Concept ID:
- C3714756
- •
- Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Intellectual disability, previously referred to as mental retardation, is characterized by subnormal intellectual functioning that occurs during the developmental period. It is defined by an IQ score below 70.
Elevated brain lactate level by MRS- MedGen UID:
- 868368
- •Concept ID:
- C4022762
- •
- Finding
An increase in the level of lactate in the brain identified by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS).
Appendicular spasticity- MedGen UID:
- 937224
- •Concept ID:
- C4313257
- •
- Finding
A type of spasticity that affects one or more limbs (arms or legs).
Thin corpus callosum- MedGen UID:
- 1785336
- •Concept ID:
- C5441562
- •
- Anatomical Abnormality
An abnormally thin corpus callous, due to atrophy, hypoplasia or agenesis. This term is intended to be used in situations where it is not known if thinning of the corpus callosum (for instance, as visualized by magnetic resonance tomography) is due to abnormal development (e.g. a leukodystrophy) or atrophy following normal development (e.g. neurodegeneration).
Muscle weakness- MedGen UID:
- 57735
- •Concept ID:
- C0151786
- •
- Finding
Reduced strength of muscles.
Difficulty walking- MedGen UID:
- 86319
- •Concept ID:
- C0311394
- •
- Finding
Reduced ability to walk (ambulate).
Axial hypotonia- MedGen UID:
- 342959
- •Concept ID:
- C1853743
- •
- Finding
Muscular hypotonia (abnormally low muscle tone) affecting the musculature of the trunk.
Ragged-red muscle fibers- MedGen UID:
- 477048
- •Concept ID:
- C3275417
- •
- Finding
An abnormal appearance of muscle fibers observed on muscle biopsy. Ragged red fibers can be visualized with Gomori trichrome staining as irregular and intensely red subsarcolemmal zones, whereas the normal myofibrils are green. The margins of affect fibers appear red and ragged. The ragged-red is due to the accumulation of abnormal mitochondria below the plasma membrane of the muscle fiber, leading to the appearance of a red rim and speckled sarcoplasm.
EMG: decremental response of compound muscle action potential to repetitive nerve stimulation- MedGen UID:
- 892749
- •Concept ID:
- C4021728
- •
- Finding
A compound muscle action potential (CMAP) is a type of electromyography (EMG). CMAP refers to a group of almost simultaneous action potentials from several muscle fibers in the same area evoked by stimulation of the supplying motor nerve and are recorded as one multipeaked summated action potential. This abnormality refers to a greater than normal decrease in the amplitude during the course of the investigation.
Appendicular hypotonia- MedGen UID:
- 868520
- •Concept ID:
- C4022919
- •
- Finding
Muscular hypotonia of one or more limbs.
Microcephaly- MedGen UID:
- 1644158
- •Concept ID:
- C4551563
- •
- Finding
Head circumference below 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender.
Respiratory failure requiring assisted ventilation- MedGen UID:
- 870821
- •Concept ID:
- C4025279
- •
- Finding
A state of respiratory distress that requires a life saving intervention in the form of gaining airway access and instituting positive pressure ventilation.
Hypoglycemia- MedGen UID:
- 6979
- •Concept ID:
- C0020615
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
A decreased concentration of glucose in the blood.
Hyperprolinemia- MedGen UID:
- 75690
- •Concept ID:
- C0268528
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
An increased concentration of proline in the blood.
Hyper-beta-alaninemia- MedGen UID:
- 75702
- •Concept ID:
- C0268630
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
An increased concentration of alanine in the blood.
Elevated circulating alkaline phosphatase concentration- MedGen UID:
- 727252
- •Concept ID:
- C1314665
- •
- Finding
Abnormally increased serum levels of alkaline phosphatase activity.
Increased circulating lactate concentration- MedGen UID:
- 332209
- •Concept ID:
- C1836440
- •
- Finding
Abnormally increased level of blood lactate (2-hydroxypropanoic acid). Lactate is produced from pyruvate by lactate dehydrogenase during normal metabolism. The terms lactate and lactic acid are often used interchangeably but lactate (the component measured in blood) is strictly a weak base whereas lactic acid is the corresponding acid. Lactic acidosis is often used clinically to describe elevated lactate but should be reserved for cases where there is a corresponding acidosis (pH below 7.35).
Epicanthus- MedGen UID:
- 151862
- •Concept ID:
- C0678230
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Epicanthus is a condition in which a fold of skin stretches from the upper to the lower eyelid, partially covering the inner canthus. Usher (1935) noted that epicanthus is a normal finding in the fetus of all races. Epicanthus also occurs in association with hereditary ptosis (110100).
Prominent nasal bridge- MedGen UID:
- 343051
- •Concept ID:
- C1854113
- •
- Finding
Anterior positioning of the nasal root in comparison to the usual positioning for age.
Low insertion of columella- MedGen UID:
- 866874
- •Concept ID:
- C4021229
- •
- Finding
Insertion of the posterior columella below the nasal base.
Ptosis- MedGen UID:
- 2287
- •Concept ID:
- C0005745
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
The upper eyelid margin is positioned 3 mm or more lower than usual and covers the superior portion of the iris (objective); or, the upper lid margin obscures at least part of the pupil (subjective).
Nystagmus- MedGen UID:
- 45166
- •Concept ID:
- C0028738
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Rhythmic, involuntary oscillations of one or both eyes related to abnormality in fixation, conjugate gaze, or vestibular mechanisms.
Optic atrophy- MedGen UID:
- 18180
- •Concept ID:
- C0029124
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Atrophy of the optic nerve. Optic atrophy results from the death of the retinal ganglion cell axons that comprise the optic nerve and manifesting as a pale optic nerve on fundoscopy.
Strabismus- MedGen UID:
- 21337
- •Concept ID:
- C0038379
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
A misalignment of the eyes so that the visual axes deviate from bifoveal fixation. The classification of strabismus may be based on a number of features including the relative position of the eyes, whether the deviation is latent or manifest, intermittent or constant, concomitant or otherwise and according to the age of onset and the relevance of any associated refractive error.
Reduced visual acuity- MedGen UID:
- 65889
- •Concept ID:
- C0234632
- •
- Finding
Diminished clarity of vision.
Ophthalmoparesis- MedGen UID:
- 155551
- •Concept ID:
- C0751401
- •
- Sign or Symptom
Ophthalmoplegia is a paralysis or weakness of one or more of the muscles that control eye movement.
Visual loss- MedGen UID:
- 784038
- •Concept ID:
- C3665386
- •
- Finding
Loss of visual acuity (implying that vision was better at a certain time point in life). Otherwise the term reduced visual acuity should be used (or a subclass of that).
Visual fixation instability- MedGen UID:
- 1372887
- •Concept ID:
- C4476760
- •
- Finding
A deficit in the ability to fixate eye movements in order to stabilize images on the retina
Decreased activity of mitochondrial complex I- MedGen UID:
- 393796
- •Concept ID:
- C2677650
- •
- Finding
A reduction in the activity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I, which is part of the electron transport chain in mitochondria.
Decreased activity of mitochondrial complex IV- MedGen UID:
- 866520
- •Concept ID:
- C4020800
- •
- Finding
A reduction in the activity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV, which is part of the electron transport chain in mitochondria.
- Abnormal cellular phenotype
- Abnormality of head or neck
- Abnormality of metabolism/homeostasis
- Abnormality of the digestive system
- Abnormality of the eye
- Abnormality of the genitourinary system
- Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system
- Abnormality of the nervous system
- Abnormality of the respiratory system
- Ear malformation