DENR density regulated re-initiation and release factor [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: DENRprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name: density regulated re-initiation and release factorprovided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:2769
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000139726 MIM:604550; AllianceGenome:HGNC:2769
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: DRP; DRP1; SMAP-3
Summary: This gene encodes a protein whose expression was found to increase in cultured cells at high density but not during growth arrest. This gene was also shown to have increased expression in cells overexpressing HER-2/neu proto-oncogene. The protein contains an SUI1 domain. In budding yeast, SUI1 is a translation initiation factor that along with eIF-2 and the initiator tRNA-Met, directs the ribosome to the proper translation start site. Proteins similar to SUI have been found in mammals, insects, and plants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Expression: Ubiquitous expression in thyroid (RPKM 16.4), lymph node (RPKM 16.3) and 25 other tissues See more
Orthologs: mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 12q24.31

Exon count:: 8

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_08	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	12	NC_000012.12 (122752824..122771064)
RS_2024_08	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	12	NC_060936.1 (122748227..122766468)
RS_2024_09	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	12	NC_000012.11 (123237371..123255611)

Chromosome 12 - NC_000012.12 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
BioProject: PRJEB4337
Publication: PMID 24309898
Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

To initiate or not to initiate: A critical assessment of eIF2A, eIF2D, and MCT-1.DENR to deliver initiator tRNA to ribosomes.
Title: To initiate or not to initiate: A critical assessment of eIF2A, eIF2D, and MCT-1·DENR to deliver initiator tRNA to ribosomes.
Cyclin B/CDK1 and Cyclin A/CDK2 phosphorylate DENR to promote mitotic protein translation and faithful cell division.
Title: Cyclin B/CDK1 and Cyclin A/CDK2 phosphorylate DENR to promote mitotic protein translation and faithful cell division.
DENR promotes translation reinitiation via ribosome recycling to drive expression of oncogenes including ATF4.
Title: DENR promotes translation reinitiation via ribosome recycling to drive expression of oncogenes including ATF4.
Present the crystal structure of MCTS1 bound to a fragment of DENR. Based on this structure, we identify and experimentally validate that DENR residues Glu42, Tyr43, and Tyr46 are important for MCTS1 binding and that MCTS1 residue Phe104 is important for tRNA binding. Mutation of these residues reveals that DENR-MCTS1 dimerization and tRNA binding are both necessary for DENR and MCTS1 to promote translation reinitiation.
Title: DENR-MCTS1 heterodimerization and tRNA recruitment are required for translation reinitiation.
findings elucidate further the mechanism of regulation of DENR-MCT-1 activities in unconventional translation initiation, reinitiation, and recycling.
Title: Crystal structure of the DENR-MCT-1 complex revealed zinc-binding site essential for heterodimer formation.
findings elucidate how the DENR-MCT-1 dimer interacts with the ribosome and have functional implications for the mechanism of unconventional translation initiation and reinitiation.
Title: Crystal Structure of the Human Ribosome in Complex with DENR-MCT-1.
DENR binds to the P-site of the 40S ribosomal subunit and together with MCTS1 forms a tRNA binding surface and interfere with eIF1/eIF2/eIF3 binding, thus operating in ribosome recycling and translation re-initiation
Title: Crystal Structure of the Human Ribosome in Complex with DENR-MCT-1.
Reinitiation complexes involving initiation factors eIF2D, MCT-1, and DENR controls the translation of a large fraction of mammalian cellular mRNAs.
Title: Structural and Functional Insights into Human Re-initiation Complexes.
both HuR and AUF1 bind to discrete regions of DENR/DRP mRNA and that AUF1 silencing increases DENR/DRP protein levels.
Title: Post-transcriptional control of the MCT-1-associated protein DENR/DRP by RNA-binding protein AUF1.

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Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

D10S275 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:147992

D8S2279 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:473907

WI-20552 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:46388

D1S1425 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:149621

D12S1311 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:7046

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables translation initiation factor activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in IRES-dependent viral translational initiation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in formation of translation preinitiation complex	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in formation of translation preinitiation complex	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in ribosome disassembly	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in translation reinitiation	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
is_active_in cytoplasm	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: density-regulated protein

Names: smooth muscle cell associated protein-3

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.