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    SPCH basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) DNA-binding superfamily protein [ Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress) ]

    Gene ID: 835402, updated on 18-Sep-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    SPCH
    Official Full Name
    basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) DNA-binding superfamily protein
    Primary source
    TAIR:AT5G53210
    Locus tag
    AT5G53210
    See related
    Araport:AT5G53210
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Arabidopsis thaliana (ecotype: Columbia)
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliopsida; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae; rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis
    Also known as
    MFH8.15; SPEECHLESS
    Summary
    Encodes a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor that is necessary and sufficient for the asymmetric divisions that establish the stomatal lineage in Arabidopsis thaliana. Expression of SPCH in young epidermal cells allows these cells to make asymmetric divisions. SPCH is a substrate of a kinase MPK3 and MPK6. Its transcript levels change after inducing MUTE expression in a mute background.
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    Genomic context

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    See SPCH in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    chromosome: 5
    Exon count:
    3
    Sequence:
    Chromosome: 5; NC_003076.8 (21586219..21589255, complement)

    Chromosome 5 - NC_003076.8Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene Nodulin MtN3 family protein Neighboring gene Homeodomain-like superfamily protein Neighboring gene uncharacterized protein Neighboring gene hypothetical protein (DUF295)

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Genomic Sequence:
    NC_003076.8

    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. A Mutation in the bHLH Domain of the SPCH Transcription Factor Uncovers a BR-Dependent Mechanism for Stomatal Development. de Marcos A, et al. Plant Physiol, 2017 Jun. PMID 28507175, Free PMC Article
    2. Arabidopsis reduces growth under osmotic stress by decreasing SPEECHLESS protein. Kumari A, et al. Plant Cell Physiol, 2014 Dec. PMID 25381317, Free PMC Article
    3. Generation of spatial patterns through cell polarity switching. Robinson S, et al. Science, 2011 Sep 9. PMID 21903812, Free PMC Article
    4. Arabidopsis stomatal initiation is controlled by MAPK-mediated regulation of the bHLH SPEECHLESS. Lampard GR, et al. Science, 2008 Nov 14. PMID 19008449
    5. KIN10 promotes stomatal development through stabilization of the SPEECHLESS transcription factor. Han C, et al. Nat Commun, 2020 Aug 25. PMID 32843632, Free PMC Article

    See all (23) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. TOR and SnRK1 fine tune SPEECHLESS transcription and protein stability to optimize stomatal development in response to exogenously supplied sugar.
      Title: TOR and SnRK1 fine tune SPEECHLESS transcription and protein stability to optimize stomatal development in response to exogenously supplied sugar.
    2. Arabidopsis cryptochrome 1 promotes stomatal development through repression of AGB1 inhibition of SPEECHLESS DNA-binding activity.
      Title: Arabidopsis cryptochrome 1 promotes stomatal development through repression of AGB1 inhibition of SPEECHLESS DNA-binding activity.
    3. YODA-HSP90 Module Regulates Phosphorylation-Dependent Inactivation of SPEECHLESS to Control Stomatal Development under Acute Heat Stress in Arabidopsis.
      Title: YODA-HSP90 Module Regulates Phosphorylation-Dependent Inactivation of SPEECHLESS to Control Stomatal Development under Acute Heat Stress in Arabidopsis.
    4. KIN10 promotes stomatal development through stabilization of the SPEECHLESS transcription factor.
      Title: KIN10 promotes stomatal development through stabilization of the SPEECHLESS transcription factor.
    5. Protein phosphatase 2A promotes stomatal development by stabilizing SPEECHLESS in Arabidopsis.
      Title: Protein phosphatase 2A promotes stomatal development by stabilizing SPEECHLESS in Arabidopsis.
    6. SCREAM functions as a scaffold that recruits MPK3/6 to downregulate SPEECHLESS, a transcription factor that initiates stomatal cell lineages.
      Title: Bipartite anchoring of SCREAM enforces stomatal initiation by coupling MAP kinases to SPEECHLESS.
    7. The expression regulation of ERECTA and SPEECHLESS gene families are critical for molecular control of stomatal development. (Review)
      Title: Molecular control of stomatal development.
    8. SPCH role in stomatal development
      Title: A Mutation in the bHLH Domain of the SPCH Transcription Factor Uncovers a BR-Dependent Mechanism for Stomatal Development.
    9. BASL polarization leads to elevated nuclear MPK6 signaling and lowered SPCH abundance in one of the two daughter cells. Therefore, two daughter cells are differentiated by BASL polarity-mediated differential suppression of SPCH, which may provide developmental plasticity in plant stem cell asymmetric cell division.
      Title: Phosphorylation of the Polarity Protein BASL Differentiates Asymmetric Cell Fate through MAPKs and SPCH.
    10. Phosphorylation at Serine 186 is positively required for SPCH function in regulating stomatal development.
      Title: Phosphorylation of Serine 186 of bHLH Transcription Factor SPEECHLESS Promotes Stomatal Development in Arabidopsis.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (17)

    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Homology

    NM_001345044.1
    NM_124700.3

    Gene Ontology Provided by TAIR

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables DNA-binding transcription activator activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein dimerization activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in guard cell differentiation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of DNA-templated transcription TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of response to osmotic stress IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of stomatal complex development IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in response to low humidity IEP
    Inferred from Expression Pattern
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in response to osmotic stress IEP
    Inferred from Expression Pattern
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within stomatal complex development IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in cytoplasm ISM
    Inferred from Sequence Model
    more info
    		  
    located_in nucleus IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in nucleus ISM
    Inferred from Sequence Model
    more info
    		  

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) DNA-binding superfamily protein
    NP_200133.2
    • SPEECHLESS (SPCH); CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: Helix-loop-helix DNA-binding domain (InterPro:IPR001092), Helix-loop-helix DNA-binding (InterPro:IPR011598); BEST Arabidopsis thaliana protein match is: basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) DNA-binding superfamily protein (TAIR:AT3G06120.1); Has 3630 Blast hits to 3207 proteins in 306 species: Archae - 0; Bacteria - 54; Metazoa - 562; Fungi - 218; Plants - 2401; Viruses - 108; Other Eukaryotes - 287 (source: NCBI BLink).

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    Genome Annotation

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_003076.8 Reference assembly

      Range
      21586219..21589255 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_124700.3 → NP_200133.2  basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) DNA-binding superfamily protein [Arabidopsis thaliana]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_200133.2

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q700C7, Q9FK20
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A178UF96, A0A5S9YDK6
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd11448
      Location:102 → 169
      bHLH_AtFAMA_like; basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain found in Arabidopsis thaliana protein FAMA and similar proteins

    2. NM_001345044.1 → NP_001331493.1  basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) DNA-binding superfamily protein [Arabidopsis thaliana]

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A1P8BE01
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    Q700C7.1

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