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    th2 tyrosine hydroxylase 2 [ Danio rerio (zebrafish) ]

    Gene ID: 414844, updated on 12-Sep-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    th2provided by ZNC
    Official Full Name
    tyrosine hydroxylase 2provided by ZNC
    Primary source
    ZFIN:ZDB-GENE-050201-1
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSDARG00000038384 AllianceGenome:ZFIN:ZDB-GENE-050201-1
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    PROVISIONAL
    Organism
    Danio rerio
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Actinopterygii; Neopterygii; Teleostei; Ostariophysi; Cypriniformes; Danionidae; Danioninae; Danio
    Summary
    Enables tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activity. Acts upstream of or within dopamine biosynthetic process and serotonin biosynthetic process. Predicted to be active in axon; cytoplasm; and perikaryon. Is expressed in head; kidney; liver; and nervous system. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Apr 2022]
    Orthologs
    all
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    Genomic context

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    See th2 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    chromosome: 4
    Exon count:
    12
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCz11 (GCF_000002035.6) 4 NC_007115.7 (17380551..17391458, complement)
    105 previous assembly GRCz10 (GCF_000002035.5) 4 NC_007115.6 (17391575..17402208, complement)

    Chromosome 4 - NC_007115.7Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene insulin-like growth factor 1 Neighboring gene nucleoporin 37 Neighboring gene PARP1 binding protein Neighboring gene pro-melanin-concentrating hormone Neighboring gene phenylalanine hydroxylase Neighboring gene achaete-scute family bHLH transcription factor 1a

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: Sequencing the Zebrafish transcriptome from a range of tissues and developmental stages Sequencing the Zebrafish transcriptome from a range of tissues and developmental stages
    • Description: Sequencing the Zebrafish transcriptome from a range of tissues and developmental stages
    • BioProject: PRJEB1986
    • Analysis date: Fri Dec 8 19:48:10 2017

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. A bidirectional network for appetite control in larval zebrafish. Wee CL, et al. Elife, 2019 Oct 18. PMID 31625906, Free PMC Article
    2. Visual input modulates audiomotor function via hypothalamic dopaminergic neurons through a cooperative mechanism. Mu Y, et al. Neuron, 2012 Aug 23. PMID 22920259
    3. Comparative analysis of monoaminergic cerebrospinal fluid-contacting cells in Osteichthyes (bony vertebrates). Xavier AL, et al. J Comp Neurol, 2017 Jun 15. PMID 28295297, Free PMC Article
    4. Visual Cue-Discriminative Dopaminergic Control of Visuomotor Transformation and Behavior Selection. Yao Y, et al. Neuron, 2016 Feb 3. PMID 26804989
    5. Motor Behavior Mediated by Continuously Generated Dopaminergic Neurons in the Zebrafish Hypothalamus Recovers after Cell Ablation. McPherson AD, et al. Curr Biol, 2016 Jan 25. PMID 26774784, Free PMC Article

    See all (69) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Tyrosine hydroxylase 2 expression is upregulated following acute ethanol in brain neural networks.
      Title: Acute ethanol treatment upregulates Th1, Th2, and Hdc in larval zebrafish in stable networks.
    2. that th2 is a gene encoding for tryptophan hydroxylase and should be used as a marker gene of serotonergic neurons
      Title: Zebrafish tyrosine hydroxylase 2 gene encodes tryptophan hydroxylase.
    3. expression of mRNA for genes required for catecholamine synthesis, particularly TH2 and DbetaH, were affected by hypoxia
      Title: Interactive effects of development and hypoxia on catecholamine synthesis and cardiac function in zebrafish (Danio rerio).
    4. We identified four th2-expressing dopaminergic cell groups in the zebrafish diencephalon, including neurons of the posterior preoptic nucleus, the paraventricular organ, and the nuclei of the lateral and posterior recesses in the caudal hypothalamus.
      Title: Expression of the paralogous tyrosine hydroxylase encoding genes th1 and th2 reveals the full complement of dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurons in zebrafish larval and juvenile brain.
    5. th1 is predominant in the brain and th2 in the periphery, th2 may be a novel essential factor in regulation of catecholamine synthesis in zebrafish.
      Title: Complementary developmental expression of the two tyrosine hydroxylase transcripts in zebrafish.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by ZFIN

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables iron ion binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables metal ion binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables monooxygenase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables oxidoreductase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced pteridine as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables tyrosine 3-monooxygenase activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables tyrosine 3-monooxygenase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    acts_upstream_of_or_within aromatic amino acid metabolic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    acts_upstream_of_or_within catecholamine biosynthetic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    acts_upstream_of_or_within dopamine biosynthetic process IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in dopamine biosynthetic process from tyrosine IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    acts_upstream_of_or_within serotonin biosynthetic process IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    is_active_in axon IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in cell projection IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    is_active_in cytoplasm IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in cytoplasm IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    is_active_in perikaryon IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in perinuclear region of cytoplasm IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    tyrosine hydroxylase 2
    NP_001001829.1
    XP_005164791.1

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001001829.1 → NP_001001829.1  tyrosine hydroxylase 2

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001001829.1

      Status: PROVISIONAL

      Source sequence(s)
      AY620823
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q6IVB6
      Related
      ENSDARP00000056001.3, ENSDART00000056002.5
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      TIGR01269
      Location:16 → 468
      Tyr_3_monoox; tyrosine 3-monooxygenase, tetrameric
      cd04930
      Location:16 → 133
      ACT_TH; ACT domain of the nonheme iron-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylase, tyrosine hydroxylases (TH)
      pfam00351
      Location:138 → 465
      Biopterin_H; Biopterin-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylase

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000002035.6-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCz11 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_007115.7 Reference GRCz11 Primary Assembly

      Range
      17380551..17391458 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_005164734.5 → XP_005164791.1  tyrosine hydroxylase 2 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A8M2BBY7
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      TIGR01269
      Location:16 → 470
      Tyr_3_monoox; tyrosine 3-monooxygenase, tetrameric
      cd04930
      Location:16 → 133
      ACT_TH; ACT domain of the nonheme iron-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylase, tyrosine hydroxylases (TH)
      pfam00351
      Location:138 → 467
      Biopterin_H; Biopterin-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylase
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version

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