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    GSTA2 glutathione S-transferase alpha 2 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 2939, updated on 2-Nov-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    GSTA2provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    glutathione S-transferase alpha 2provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:4627
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000244067 MIM:138360; AllianceGenome:HGNC:4627
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    GST2; GTA2; GTH2; GSTA2-2
    Summary
    Cytosolic and membrane-bound forms of glutathione S-transferase are encoded by two distinct supergene families. These enzymes function in the detoxification of electrophilic compounds, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins and products of oxidative stress, by conjugation with glutathione. The genes encoding these enzymes are known to be highly polymorphic. These genetic variations can change an individual's susceptibility to carcinogens and toxins as well as affect the toxicity and efficacy of some drugs. At present, eight distinct classes of the soluble cytoplasmic mammalian glutathione S-transferases have been identified: alpha, kappa, mu, omega, pi, sigma, theta and zeta. This gene encodes a glutathione S-tranferase belonging to the alpha class. The alpha class genes, located in a cluster mapped to chromosome 6, are the most abundantly expressed glutathione S-transferases in liver. In addition to metabolizing bilirubin and certain anti-cancer drugs in the liver, the alpha class of these enzymes exhibit glutathione peroxidase activity thereby protecting the cells from reactive oxygen species and the products of peroxidation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
    Expression
    Biased expression in liver (RPKM 492.6), kidney (RPKM 310.5) and 6 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    all
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    Genomic context

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    See GSTA2 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    6p12.2
    Exon count:
    8
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 6 NC_000006.12 (52750087..52763475, complement)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 6 NC_060930.1 (52588869..52602258, complement)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 6 NC_000006.11 (52614885..52628273, complement)

    Chromosome 6 - NC_000006.12Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene SREK1IP1 pseudogene 2 Neighboring gene glutathione S-transferase alpha 8, pseudogene Neighboring gene BRD4-independent group 4 enhancer GRCh37_chr6:52577613-52578812 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr6:52587241-52587355 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 17286 Neighboring gene glutathione S-transferase alpha 7, pseudogene Neighboring gene glutathione S-transferase alpha 12, pseudogene Neighboring gene glutathione S-transferase alpha 1

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
    • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
    • BioProject: PRJEB4337
    • Publication: PMID 24309898
    • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Identification of heterogeneous and microheterogeneous subunits of glutathione S-transferase in rat liver cytosol. Satoh K, et al. Arch Biochem Biophys, 1985 Oct. PMID 3901925
    2. Overexpression of GSTA2 protects against cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induced by the DNA inter-strand crosslinking nitrogen mustard, mechlorethamine. Xie J, et al. J Cell Biochem, 2005 May 15. PMID 15778998
    3. Transmutation of human glutathione transferase A2-2 with peroxidase activity into an efficient steroid isomerase. Pettersson PL, et al. J Biol Chem, 2002 Aug 16. PMID 12023294
    4. Differences among allelic variants of human glutathione transferase A2-2 in the activation of azathioprine. Zhang W, et al. Chem Biol Interact, 2010 Jul 30. PMID 20434437
    5. A surface mutant (G82R) of a human alpha-glutathione S-transferase shows decreased thermal stability and a new mode of molecular association in the crystal. Zeng K, et al. Proteins, 1994 Nov. PMID 7892174

    See all (64) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. the GSTA2 S112T polymorphism is predictive of transplant outcome in patients receiving busulfan in the preparative regimen, at least in association with cyclophosphamide.
      Title: Glutathione transferase-A2 S112T polymorphism predicts survival, transplant-related mortality, busulfan and bilirubin blood levels after allogeneic stem cell transplantation.
    2. Data indicate that steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1) and glutathione S-transferase A (GSTA) family genes (hGSTA1-hGSTA4) are involved in steroidogenesis.
      Title: Human glutathione S-transferase A (GSTA) family genes are regulated by steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1) and are involved in steroidogenesis.
    3. By direct resequencing of the 5'-flanking region, all the exons, and their flanking introns for 107 patients, 29 and 27 variants were identified in GSTA1 and GSTA2, respectively.
      Title: Genetic variation and haplotype structures of the glutathione S-transferase genes GSTA1 and GSTA2 in Japanese colorectal cancer patients.
    4. Single nucleotide polymorphism in GSTA2 is associated with low-stage non-small cell lung cancer.
      Title: Systematic evaluation of genetic variants in three biological pathways on patient survival in low-stage non-small cell lung cancer.
    5. Even with typical substrates, the astonishing concentration of glutathione transferase present in hepatocytes, causes an unusual "inverted" kinetics whereby the classical trends of v versus E and v versus S are reversed
      Title: The extended catalysis of glutathione transferase.
    6. it is unlikely that glutathione S-transferases GSTA2, GSTM2, GSTO1, GSTO2, and GSTZ1 participate in breast cancer susceptibility.
      Title: No evidence for glutathione S-transferases GSTA2, GSTM2, GSTO1, GSTO2, and GSTZ1 in breast cancer risk.
    7. studied the five known allelic variants of human glutathione transferase A2-2 (GST A2-2) (EC 2.5.1.18), abundantly expressed in liver and efficiently catalyzing the bioactivation of azathioprine to release 6-mercaptopurine
      Title: Differences among allelic variants of human glutathione transferase A2-2 in the activation of azathioprine.
    8. The 3D structures of human GSTs A2-2 and A3-3 in complex with Delta(4)-androstene-3-17-dione, were solved.
      Title: Structural basis for featuring of steroid isomerase activity in alpha class glutathione transferases.
    9. Observational study of gene-disease association, gene-environment interaction, and pharmacogenomic / toxicogenomic. (HuGE Navigator)
      Title: Variation at the NFATC2 locus increases the risk of thiazolidinedione-induced edema in the Diabetes REduction Assessment with ramipril and rosiglitazone Medication (DREAM) study.
    10. no association was observed between individual GSTA2 polymorphisms and haplotypes and individual susceptibility to breast cancer.
      Title: The role of GSTA2 polymorphisms and haplotypes in breast cancer susceptibility: a case-control study in the Portuguese population.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (18)

    Phenotypes

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    Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    Variation

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    See variants in ClinVar

    See studies and variants in dbVar

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

    Genotypes

    Pathways from PubChem

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    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Clone Names

    • MGC10525

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables glutathione transferase activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables glutathione transferase activity ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in epithelial cell differentiation IEP
    Inferred from Expression Pattern
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in glutathione metabolic process IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in glutathione metabolic process ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    involved_in xenobiotic metabolic process IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    is_active_in cytosol IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in cytosol IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		  
    located_in cytosol TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    located_in extracellular exosome HDA PubMed 
    located_in extracellular exosome TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    glutathione S-transferase A2
    Names
    GST HA subunit 2
    GST class-alpha member 2
    GST-gamma
    S-(hydroxyalkyl)glutathione lyase A2
    glutathione S-alkyltransferase A2
    glutathione S-aralkyltransferase A2
    glutathione S-aryltransferase A2
    liver GST2
    testis tissue sperm-binding protein Li 59n
    NP_000837.3
    XP_047274640.1
    XP_054211232.1

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    Genomic

    1. NG_029430.1 RefSeqGene

      Range
      5089..18477
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_000846.5 → NP_000837.3  glutathione S-transferase A2

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_000837.3

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AK292602, AL109918, BC002895, BU685446
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS4944.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P09210, Q12759, Q16491, Q9NTY6
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A140VKE2, A8K987, B2R920
      Related
      ENSP00000420168.1, ENST00000493422.3
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      PTZ00057
      Location:1 → 198
      PTZ00057; glutathione s-transferase; Provisional
      cd03208
      Location:86 → 220
      GST_C_Alpha; C-terminal, alpha helical domain of Class Alpha Glutathione S-transferases
      cd03077
      Location:4 → 82
      GST_N_Alpha; GST_N family, Class Alpha subfamily; GSTs are cytosolic dimeric proteins involved in cellular detoxification by catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with a wide range of endogenous and xenobiotic alkylating agents, including carcinogens, ...

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000006.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      52750087..52763475 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_047418684.1 → XP_047274640.1  glutathione S-transferase A2 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P09210, Q12759, Q16491, Q9NTY6
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A140VKE2

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060930.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      52588869..52602258 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_054355257.1 → XP_054211232.1  glutathione S-transferase A2 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P09210, Q12759, Q16491, Q9NTY6
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A140VKE2
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    P09210.4 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P09210

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

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