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    PTGR1 prostaglandin reductase 1 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 22949, updated on 2-Nov-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    PTGR1provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    prostaglandin reductase 1provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:18429
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000106853 MIM:601274; AllianceGenome:HGNC:18429
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    PGR1; DIG-1; ZADH3; LTB4DH
    Summary
    This gene encodes an enzyme that is involved in the inactivation of the chemotactic factor, leukotriene B4. The encoded protein specifically catalyzes the NADP+ dependent conversion of leukotriene B4 to 12-oxo-leukotriene B4. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 1. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009]
    Expression
    Broad expression in liver (RPKM 118.8), small intestine (RPKM 109.3) and 18 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    mouse all
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    Genomic context

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    See PTGR1 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    9q31.3
    Exon count:
    14
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 9 NC_000009.12 (111549722..111599647, complement)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 9 NC_060933.1 (123721096..123771025, complement)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 9 NC_000009.11 (114312002..114361927, complement)

    Chromosome 9 - NC_000009.12Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene olfactory receptor family 2 subfamily K member 2 Neighboring gene Ecm29 proteasome adaptor and scaffold Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr9:114161623-114162149 Neighboring gene RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 294 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr9:114233029-114233528 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 20177 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 20178 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 20179 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 20180 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 28793 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr9:114288123-114288622 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr9:114292004-114292628 Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_105867 Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_105871 Neighboring gene zinc finger protein 483 Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_105889 Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_105891 Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_105923 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr9:114361778-114362350 Neighboring gene leucine rich repeat containing 37 member A5, pseudogene Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr9:114379051-114379784 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC107987116 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 28794

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
    • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
    • BioProject: PRJEB4337
    • Publication: PMID 24309898
    • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. PTGR1 is involved in cell proliferation in thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum. Liu K, et al. PLoS One, 2023. PMID 37910537, Free PMC Article
    2. Prostaglandin catabolizing enzymes. Tai HH, et al. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat, 2002 Aug. PMID 12432938
    3. Restoration of leukotriene B(4)-12-hydroxydehydrogenase/15- oxo-prostaglandin 13-reductase (LTBDH/PGR) expression inhibits lung cancer growth in vitro and in vivo. Zhao Y, et al. Lung Cancer, 2010 May. PMID 19595472, Free PMC Article
    4. Human prostaglandin reductase 1 (PGR1): Substrate specificity, inhibitor analysis and site-directed mutagenesis. Mesa J, et al. Chem Biol Interact, 2015 Jun 5. PMID 25619643
    5. Role of leukotriene B4 12-hydroxydehydrogenase in α-galactosylceramide-pulsed dendritic cell therapy for non-small cell lung cancer. Tanaka K, et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2018 Nov 17. PMID 30336981

    See all (41) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. The human PTGR1 gene expression is controlled by TE-derived Z-DNA forming sequence cooperating with miR-6867-5p.
      Title: The human PTGR1 gene expression is controlled by TE-derived Z-DNA forming sequence cooperating with miR-6867-5p.
    2. PTGR1 is involved in cell proliferation in thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum.
      Title: PTGR1 is involved in cell proliferation in thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum.
    3. LTB4DH plays a pivotal role in alpha-galactosylceramide-pulsed dendritic cell immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer.
      Title: Role of leukotriene B4 12-hydroxydehydrogenase in α-galactosylceramide-pulsed dendritic cell therapy for non-small cell lung cancer.
    4. The data indicate that HMGB1-miR-522-3p-PTGR1 axis may be involved in the abnormal resolution of inflammation and suggest that this mechanism might be a target for modulation of chronic inflammatory disorder.
      Title: Novel involvement of miR-522-3p in high-mobility group box 1-induced prostaglandin reductase 1 expression and reduction of phagocytosis.
    5. selenium had only a minor influence on prostaglandin reductase 1 (PTGR1) and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) activity and protein levels
      Title: Induction of complementary function reductase enzymes in colon cancer cells by dithiole-3-thione versus sodium selenite.
    6. These results situate PtGR-1 as a critical modulator of both the steady state levels and signaling activities of fatty acid nitroalkenes in vivo.
      Title: Modulation of nitro-fatty acid signaling: prostaglandin reductase-1 is a nitroalkene reductase.
    7. Data show that two genes, LTB4DH and DPYSL3, were confirmed to be candidate genes for the predictor of a good immune response.
      Title: A set of genes associated with the interferon-γ response of lung cancer patients undergoing α-galactosylceramide-pulsed dendritic cell therapy.
    8. Observational study of gene-disease association, gene-environment interaction, and pharmacogenomic / toxicogenomic. (HuGE Navigator)
      Title: Variation at the NFATC2 locus increases the risk of thiazolidinedione-induced edema in the Diabetes REduction Assessment with ramipril and rosiglitazone Medication (DREAM) study.
    9. Observational study of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator)
      Title: Gene-centric association signals for lipids and apolipoproteins identified via the HumanCVD BeadChip.
    10. restoration of expression in enzyme-negative lung cancer cell lines induces apoptosis and growth inhibition
      Title: Restoration of leukotriene B(4)-12-hydroxydehydrogenase/15- oxo-prostaglandin 13-reductase (LTBDH/PGR) expression inhibits lung cancer growth in vitro and in vivo.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

    Phenotypes

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    Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Description
    Genetic variation associated with circulating monocyte count in the eMERGE Network.
    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Variation

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    See variants in ClinVar

    See studies and variants in dbVar

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

    Genotypes

    Pathways from PubChem

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    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Clone Names

    • FLJ99229, MGC34943

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables 13-lipoxin reductase activity ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    enables 15-oxoprostaglandin 13-oxidase [NAD(P)+] activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables 15-oxoprostaglandin 13-oxidase [NAD(P)+] activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables 2-alkenal reductase (NADPH) activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables leukotriene B4 12-hydroxy dehydrogenase activity ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in leukotriene B4 metabolic process ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    involved_in leukotriene metabolic process NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in lipoxin A4 metabolic process ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    involved_in prostaglandin metabolic process IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in prostaglandin metabolic process IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in cytoplasm ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    located_in extracellular exosome HDA PubMed 

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    prostaglandin reductase 1
    Names
    15-oxoprostaglandin 13-reductase
    D3T-inducible gene 1 protein
    NAD(P)H-dependent alkenal/one oxidoreductase
    NADP-dependent leukotriene B4 12-hydroxydehydrogenase
    PRG-1
    dithiolethione-inducible gene 1 protein
    leukotriene B4 12-hydroxydehydrogenase
    zinc binding alcohol dehydrogenase domain containing 3
    NP_001139580.1
    NP_001139581.1
    NP_036344.2
    XP_011516696.1
    XP_011516697.1
    XP_016869974.1
    XP_047278965.1
    XP_047278966.1
    XP_054218368.1
    XP_054218369.1
    XP_054218370.1
    XP_054218371.1

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001146108.2 → NP_001139580.1  prostaglandin reductase 1 isoform 1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001139580.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest transcript and encodes the longer isoform (1). Both variants 1 and 2 encode the same isoform (1).
      Source sequence(s)
      AA876375, AK289597, AL135787
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS6779.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      A8K0N2, B4DPK3, F5GY50, Q14914, Q8IYQ0, Q9H1X6
      Related
      ENSP00000385763.2, ENST00000407693.7
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      TIGR02825
      Location:4 → 328
      B4_12hDH; leukotriene B4 12-hydroxydehydrogenase/15-oxo-prostaglandin 13-reductase
      cd08294
      Location:2 → 329
      leukotriene_B4_DH_like; 13-PGR is a bifunctional enzyme with delta-13 15-prostaglandin reductase and leukotriene B4 12 hydroxydehydrogenase activity

    2. NM_001146109.2 → NP_001139581.1  prostaglandin reductase 1 isoform 2

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (3) differs in the 3' coding region and 3' UTR, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (2) has a distinct C-terminus and is shorter, compared to isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AK298379, AL135787
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS55331.1
      Related
      ENSP00000440281.1, ENST00000538962.7
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      TIGR02825
      Location:4 → 300
      B4_12hDH; leukotriene B4 12-hydroxydehydrogenase/15-oxo-prostaglandin 13-reductase

    3. NM_012212.3 → NP_036344.2  prostaglandin reductase 1 isoform 1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_036344.2

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 5' UTR compared to variant 1. Both variants 1 and 2 encode the same isoform (1).
      Source sequence(s)
      AA876375, AL135787, BC035228
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS6779.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      A8K0N2, B4DPK3, F5GY50, Q14914, Q8IYQ0, Q9H1X6
      Related
      ENSP00000311572.5, ENST00000309195.9
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      TIGR02825
      Location:4 → 328
      B4_12hDH; leukotriene B4 12-hydroxydehydrogenase/15-oxo-prostaglandin 13-reductase
      cd08294
      Location:2 → 329
      leukotriene_B4_DH_like; 13-PGR is a bifunctional enzyme with delta-13 15-prostaglandin reductase and leukotriene B4 12 hydroxydehydrogenase activity

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000009.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      111549722..111599647 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_011518394.3 → XP_011516696.1  prostaglandin reductase 1 isoform X2

      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd08294
      Location:2 → 253
      leukotriene_B4_DH_like; 13-PGR is a bifunctional enzyme with delta-13 15-prostaglandin reductase and leukotriene B4 12 hydroxydehydrogenase activity

    2. XM_017014485.3 → XP_016869974.1  prostaglandin reductase 1 isoform X2

      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd08294
      Location:2 → 253
      leukotriene_B4_DH_like; 13-PGR is a bifunctional enzyme with delta-13 15-prostaglandin reductase and leukotriene B4 12 hydroxydehydrogenase activity

    3. XM_011518395.4 → XP_011516697.1  prostaglandin reductase 1 isoform X3

      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl16912
      Location:1 → 206
      MDR; Medium chain reductase/dehydrogenase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family

    4. XM_047423009.1 → XP_047278965.1  prostaglandin reductase 1 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      F2Z3J9
      Related
      ENSP00000435665.2, ENST00000466771.6

    5. XM_047423010.1 → XP_047278966.1  prostaglandin reductase 1 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      F2Z3J9

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060933.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      123721096..123771025 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_054362395.1 → XP_054218370.1  prostaglandin reductase 1 isoform X2

    2. XM_054362396.1 → XP_054218371.1  prostaglandin reductase 1 isoform X2

    3. XM_054362393.1 → XP_054218368.1  prostaglandin reductase 1 isoform X1

    4. XM_054362394.1 → XP_054218369.1  prostaglandin reductase 1 isoform X1

    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    Q14914.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q14914

    Gene LinkOut

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