HXK2 hexokinase 2 [Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C] - Gene

Summary

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Official Symbol: HXK2
Official Full Name: hexokinase 2
Primary source: SGD:S000003222
Locus tag: YGL253W
See related: AllianceGenome:SGD:S000003222; FungiDB:YGL253W; VEuPathDB:YGL253W
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C (strain: S288C)
Lineage: Eukaryota; Fungi; Dikarya; Ascomycota; Saccharomycotina; Saccharomycetes; Saccharomycetales; Saccharomycetaceae; Saccharomyces
Also known as: HEX1; HKB; SCI2
Summary: Enables hexokinase activity. Involved in several processes, including hexose metabolic process; hexose transmembrane transport; and regulation of transcription by glucose. Located in cytosol and mitochondrial membrane. Is active in nucleus. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in several diseases, including Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4G; anemia (multiple); artery disease (multiple); glucose metabolism disease (multiple); and hematologic cancer (multiple). Orthologous to several human genes including GCK (glucokinase). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Nov 2024]
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Genomic context

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See HXK2 in Genome Data Viewer

Location:: chromosome: VII

Exon count:: 1

Sequence:: Chromosome: VII; NC_001139.9 (23935..25395)

Chromosome VII - NC_001139.9 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:: NC_001139.9

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Changing course: Glucose starvation drives nuclear accumulation of Hexokinase 2 in S. cerevisiae.
Title: Changing course: Glucose starvation drives nuclear accumulation of Hexokinase 2 in S. cerevisiae.
Proteomic consequences of TDA1 deficiency in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Protein kinase Tda1 is essential for Hxk1 and Hxk2 serine 15 phosphorylation.
Title: Proteomic consequences of TDA1 deficiency in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Protein kinase Tda1 is essential for Hxk1 and Hxk2 serine 15 phosphorylation.
Snf1p/Hxk2p/Mig1p pathway regulates hexose transporters transcript levels, affecting the exponential growth and mitochondrial respiration of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Title: Snf1p/Hxk2p/Mig1p pathway regulates hexose transporters transcript levels, affecting the exponential growth and mitochondrial respiration of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Reproductive Potential of Yeast Cells Depends on Overall Action of Interconnected Changes in Central Carbon Metabolism, Cellular Biosynthetic Capacity, and Proteostasis.
Title: Reproductive Potential of Yeast Cells Depends on Overall Action of Interconnected Changes in Central Carbon Metabolism, Cellular Biosynthetic Capacity, and Proteostasis.
Spontaneous mutations that confer resistance to 2-deoxyglucose act through Hxk2 and Snf1 pathways to regulate gene expression and HXT endocytosis.
Title: Spontaneous mutations that confer resistance to 2-deoxyglucose act through Hxk2 and Snf1 pathways to regulate gene expression and HXT endocytosis.
Taken together, we have proposed a working model to describe how Vma3p protects cells against apoptosis through the regulation of HXK2 expression.
Title: Vma3p protects cells from programmed cell death through the regulation of Hxk2p expression.
The results suggest that the phosphorylated Hxk2 functions downstream of Sit4 in the control of cell cycle, mitochondrial function, oxidative stress resistance and chronological lifespan.
Title: The ceramide-activated protein phosphatase Sit4p controls lifespan, mitochondrial function and cell cycle progression by regulating hexokinase 2 phosphorylation.
Deletion of AIF1 in hxk2Delta cells enhances survival after induction of apoptosis with both H2O2 and acetic acid, rescues the reduction of both growth rate and cell size, abrogates both H2O2 and acetic acid-induced ROS accumulation and decreases cell death, suggesting that Aif1 might be involved in both H2O2 and acetic acid-induced cell death in hxk2Delta cells.
Title: Involvement of Aif1 in apoptosis triggered by lack of Hxk2 in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Hxk2 constitutes an intracellular glucose sensor that operates by changing its conformation in response to cytoplasmic glucose levels that regulate its interaction with Mig1 and thus its recruitment to the repressor complex of theSUC2promoter.
Title: Hexokinase 2 Is an Intracellular Glucose Sensor of Yeast Cells That Maintains the Structure and Activity of Mig1 Protein Repressor Complex.
Thus, our findings suggest that proteasomes, Sir2, Snf1 and Hxk2 form an interconnected aging network that controls metabolism through coordinated regulation of Mig1.
Title: Proteasomes, Sir2, and Hxk2 form an interconnected aging network that impinges on the AMPK/Snf1-regulated transcriptional repressor Mig1.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (23)

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Homology

Orthologs from OrthoDB

Gene Ontology Provided by SGD

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables ATP binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables D-glucose binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables fructokinase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables fructokinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables glucokinase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables glucokinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables hexokinase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables hexokinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables hexokinase activity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
enables kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables mannokinase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in D-glucose import	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in carbohydrate phosphorylation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in fructose import across plasma membrane	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in fructose metabolic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in glucose 6-phosphate metabolic process	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in glucose metabolic process	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in glucose metabolic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in glycolytic process	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in glycolytic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in glycolytic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in glycolytic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in hexose metabolic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in intracellular glucose homeostasis	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in intracellular glucose homeostasis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in mannose metabolic process	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in mannose metabolic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of cell size	HMP more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of transcription by glucose	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
is_active_in cytosol	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in cytosol	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in mitochondrial membrane	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
located_in mitochondrion	HDA more info	PubMed
is_active_in mitochondrion	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in mitochondrion	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in nucleus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in nucleus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: hexokinase 2

NP_011261.1

EC 2.7.1.1

Hexokinase isoenzyme 2; phosphorylates glucose in cytosol; predominant hexokinase during growth on glucose; represses expression of HXK1, GLK1, induces expression of its own gene; antiapoptotic; phosphorylation/dephosphorylation at Ser14 by kinase Snf1p, phosphatase Glc7p-Reg1p regulates nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of Hxk2p; functions downstream of Sit4p in control of cell cycle, mitochondrial function, oxidative stress resistance, chronological lifespan; has paralog HXK1